(TCP PROJECT EXAMPLE)

I. PROJECT SUMMARY
(Brief description of the project expectations and outcome)

II. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION

Agriculture in Country X is the fulcrum of the whole national economy. Over 80 percent of the population lives in rural areas and over two-thirds live off local farming produce. Even though the country over the last few years has witnessed a significant increase in productivity, especially in the rice sector, as well as a diversification of crops, a high degree of poverty is still present together with a lack of food or deficiency of food in a number of rural areas.

The Government has recognized the need to accelerate the development of rural areas by launching several programmes such as: the National Programme for Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction (indicate years), the Poor Communes Programme (indicate years), the Rural Development Strategy (indicate years). The latter, which has been expressly worked out by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) embraces, in one single guideline, the actions to be proposed and implemented with a view to increasing the farming population's income and making the fight against hunger more effective.

The Government of X is aware that only a diversification of crops coupled with the sensible use of all resources and by-products can help alleviate these problems, and has identified the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms as a means of increasing the farming population's income and helping alleviate the malnutrition problem. The Government has also perceived the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms as a stimulus for boosting the service sector: the need for manpower in the mushroom preparation and processing would mitigate unemployment.

The local authorities have requested FAO to provide technical assistance aimed at promoting the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms at the family level for small farmers in Y Province, which has special environmental and socio-economic features.

Y Province, located in the northeast of the country, has a population of X inhabitants, 90 percent of which is devoted to farming. The Province extends over 1,500 sq km where arable land accounts for 90 percent of the total area, on 60 percent of which rice is grown. Family income and the economy of the Province as a whole are dependent upon the actual yield of this crop. The cultivation of this crop gives one commodity (rice) as well as a by-product (straw). The first may be easily marketed and transported, whereas the second although marketable is transported with difficulty, and even when it is used, its profit is very limited. Hence there is an urgent need for diversification of the crop base in the region, and consequent widening of the variety of foodstuffs available for farm households. The cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms actually makes use of this by-product and if the family is assisted in its use, it may produce considerable benefits, both directly and indirectly. Indirect benefits are for example:

• a better and more complete diet thanks to the intake of vitamins and amino-acids contained in mushrooms;
• the employment of available manpower within and outside the family on a more rational and continuous basis.

Direct benefits might obviously generate an increase in family income arising from the sale of mushrooms either on the fresh vegetable market or by delivering them to cooperative companies for processing by the agro-industry.

In brief, it may be stated that the Y Province has the ideal prerequisites, including verified marketing possibilities, and might be held up as an example for demonstrating that an increase in family income at large may be obtained, if well-guided and supported, with small and sensible investments in the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms at the family level, even on a very small scale. In this connection, follow-up support to reinforce this project concept has been sought initially from the Y Government, and partnership is also being pursued with other interested donors. Furthermore, the X authorities have expressed their intention to build a plant for mushroom production in the Province as a follow-up, and finance support for joint venture/cooperation in this field is likely to be promoted through an existing Y(donor country)-X protocol for encouraging private sector business linkages. The Government of X also intends to use the model and technology package that will be piloted as the basis for expansion in other provinces of northern X within the context of its National Programme for Edible Mushroom Development.

Cultivated edible saprophytic mushrooms are considered to be a good nourishing food, especially in terms of proteins, minerals, vitamins as well as the most important amino-acids. The cultivation of mushrooms is thus a valid and readily adopted diversification option, particularly in areas where mono-crop farming prevails, and there is scarce availability of the range of foodstuffs needed for a balanced family diet. Under-nutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies are evident problems and children are the first to suffer from them. Thanks to the favourable climate and the ample availability of farming by-products rich in cellulose, the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms in the Y Province with relatively easy farming techniques may contribute to increase the family income of the population. Moreover, as this kind of farming is labour intensive, it may create employment opportunities for people outside the family, especially in a sector such as the agri-food industry which is important for the local economy.

All things considered, the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms, such as Agaricus spp, Volvariella spp, Pleurotus spp, Letinus spp, Auricularia spp, may create unquestionable economic benefits. Furthermore, noting the conditions of the Y Province, where the extension of one typical farm does not exceed 1-1.5 ha, and the fact that rice is the only crop grown, it may be easily understood that there is a need for farming one complementary crop which makes use of by-products stemming from rice growing and which meets the demand of the internal and possibly of the international market.

The cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms may meet adequately all these requirements. There are many reasons justifying the cultivation of the saprophytic edible mushroom in the Y Province:

• i) it contributes to increasing the family income;
• ii) it can help to overcome nutritional problems in rural areas, especially among women and children, etc;
• iii) it involves particularly female labour, thus giving women an important role in contributing to improving family wealth;
• iv) cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms does not need farming land; it may be carried out in farm buildings;
• v) no considerable investments are required and the growing period is short;
• vi) farming techniques are suitable for small farms, may easily be put into practice and are readily understandable;
• vii) the exhausted compost, if adequately treated and supplemented with fertilizers, may become an optimum soil amendment or fertilizer and contribute to regenerate the humus, which is washed away by the continuous soil washouts carried out for rice farming, and which is necessary for any kind of cultivation;
• viii) it may assist in the creation of food processing cooperatives and, in the specific case of X, help improve the existing processing industry of pickled edible saprophytic mushrooms.

The Government of X, within the framework of an overall general programme planned by MARD for the period ___ to ____, intends therefore to launch a specific initiative to support the development of edible mushroom cultivation in Y Province. The Government has the essential facilities and trained manpower for conservation of edible strains and production of spawn in the mushroom laboratory of the ____. However, to date no government institution has been technically capable of producing and distributing at national level mushroom strains/spawn and providing a technical package to facilitate development of sustainable mushroom production in farmer households. Furthermore, at present X is lacking the technical competence required to multiply and distribute good quality mushroom spawn. Therefore, the Government has requested FAO to provide technical assistance through TCP for setting up a mycelium and spawn production laboratory, and especially for providing practical training on the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushroom with techniques suitable for small farmers at the family level.

The basic institutional support structure for such a programme of rapid know-how transfer is in place in X, and the counterpart institution, the Department of Science, Technology and Environment (DSTE) disposes of a cadre of technicians and field agents who, once trained, will be able to provide continuing support to farmers for small-scale mushroom cultivation. The Agricultural Genetics Institute (AGI) of MARD will also have an important role to play in the implementation of the project, which will serve to reinforce the Institute's function as the hub of a nationally coordinated system for the production of mycelium and mother spawn of edible mushrooms in X, thereby ensuring availability of essential inputs to farmers. Indeed, the project will actively contribute to improving the research and extension capacity of AGI in improving mushroom strain selection and in transferring appropriate technology for spawn multiplication. With the development of mushroom spawn multiplication capability and mushroom production and marketing, farmer income is expected to increase, and at the same time the private sector may be encouraged to invest in this field. The training component of this project is thus a key issue for appropriate technology transfer to farmers.

The intended outcome of the project is an articulated technology package to support mushroom production development at farmer household level. It should be possible to replicate and use this package as a key technical component in the National Programme for Edible Mushroom Development which will support the nationwide programme on Hunger Eradication and Poverty Alleviation, as well as the programme on ___ poor communes to be funded by the Government and many multilateral and bilateral donors.

III. OBJECTIVES OF THE ASSISTANCE

The specific objectives of the project are:

• 1. To set up a pilot mushroom unit in Y Province for the production of mycelium and spawn and for developing adapted simple cultivation techniques.
• 2. To train technicians in managing a mycelium and spawn laboratory, culture collection, maintenance and storage.
• 3. To develop a scheme for the distribution of quality spawn to supply interested farmers in rural and urban areas.
• 4. To introduce new lines of edible saprophytic mushroom suitable to local conditions, and disseminate information on mushroom cultivation to selected small farmers.

The project will be implemented with a view to realizing the following development objectives:

• To promote environmentally sound, diversified agriculture.
• To promote opportunities for increasing family income and well-being.
• To improve and rationalize diet, especially for women and children.
• To favour the growth of private industries and small farmer cooperatives based on cultivation and marketing of edible saprophytic mushrooms.
• To contribute to improving employment opportunities in the farming and processing sectors.

IV. PROJECT OUTPUTS (RESULTS)

1. An operational laboratory at the Department of Science Technology and Environment (DSTE) in X, fully equipped and staffed, capable of producing up to 200 000 bottles of producer spawn and mother spawn a year (basis for potential production of 8 000 tonnes of fresh mushrooms).
2. A working mushroom culture collection for preserving and producing mycelium, both from spores and tissue culture, for supporting spawn production, with 10 DSTE laboratory technicians trained.
3. A system of working linkages developed with the AGI mushroom laboratory which will build up a central mycelium bank and a cascading mother spawn production and distribution facility.
4. Diffusion and adoption by growers of suitable new edible mushroom lines in Y Province.
5. Up to 12 field technicians (trainers) and up to 300 farmers trained on cultivation methods of edible saprophytic mushrooms.
6. Guidelines prepared for methods to semi-process and preserve edible mushrooms, applicable at farmer level and appropriate for industry requirements.
7. Guidelines for the establishment and conduct of mushroom growers' cooperatives/associations.

V. WORK PLAN

Strategy:
The project will have a twelve-month duration and will centre around the creation of a unit for mushroom development consisting of a spawn production laboratory and demonstration, incubation/growing sheds, etc.

The project Steering Committee will include officials of AGI and MARD in addition to the officials representing DSTE and X provincial authorities. Through coordinated planning and training activities, working linkages will be built up with the Mushroom Culture Branch of the Agricultural Genetics Institute with a view to ensuring future technical and scientific support to mushroom production development in X.

The sequence of planned activities is summarized as follows:

• Identification in various areas of different substrate suitable for the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms having a zero cost at source.
• Identification of the most appropriate cultivation techniques for the main edible saprophytic mushroom varieties suitable for the Y Province to be recommended to farmers/growers also bearing in mind the needs of the local agri-food industry.
• Visit to farmers/growers in order to investigate the extent of technical organization.
• Setting up a small laboratory for mycelium and spawn production.
• Establishment of a work plan for the laboratory development centre; a farmers' assistance scheme including the setting up of several demonstration areas; a mycelium collection plan for creating a mycelium bank at the laboratory.
• Increase the stocks of the mycelium laboratory by buying species and storing of cultivable edible saprophytic mushrooms from international culture collections.
• Prepare educational material on the cultivation technique of edible saprophytic mushrooms, as well as on mycelium and spawn production.
• Visit and give advice to farmers/growers on methods of cultivation, combating or preventing disease of edible saprophytic mushrooms and, least but not last, the setting up of a cooperative of a Mushroom Growers Association.
• Field tests on methods of preservation of fresh mushrooms and their use.

Training courses for laboratory technicians will be held including both mycology and the techniques for the rational mycelium and spawn production, as well as the issues pertaining to the smooth running of a laboratory; for setting up the latter the simplest and most suitable pieces of equipment will be selected, ordered and set at work. Training courses and workshops for DSTE field technicians and farmers will be the most important part of the TCP project. The training courses for field technicians will include assistance to farmers on the simplest and most suitable techniques for growing edible saprophytic mushrooms. Activities will concentrate initially on the development of the cultivation of Volvariella spp., Pleurotus spp. and Auricularia spp. The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus and bitorquis will also be introduced on a trial basis. Special consideration will be given to training courses for farmers/growers in the different districts and villages on the various techniques for cultivating edible saprophytic mushrooms, also with a view to setting up an association/cooperative among growers of edible saprophytic mushrooms. Special training courses will be arranged for women's groups to highlight the dietary value of edible saprophytic mushrooms. The centre of project activities will be at X and in-country workshops devoted to farmers/growers in the field in Y Province will be scheduled.

Criteria to be considered for selection of participating farmer beneficiaries, in order of importance, include:

• women and women's groups in view of nutrition improvement goals;
• interested farmers indicated by cooperatives and communes;
• established mushroom growers.

The mushroom development expert will provide technical and strategy support to the project's implementation by periodic visits over the 12 months: one each quarter.

(The planned schedule of activities is detailed in Annex 2; the training programme is described in Annex 4).

VI. CAPACITY BUILDING

With the technical advice of the international consultant and under the guidance of the National Project Coordinator, the national counterparts will have direct responsibility for implementing the activities leading to the achievement of project objectives. The national technicians will then gain technical knowledge and experience which will be transmitted to other technicians and farmers through their active participation and involvement in scheduled project activities. The trained technicians shall thus act as catalysts for building up the capacity of other technicians, who will subsequently provide assistance and constantly develop support communication techniques in order to deal with farmers/growers as well as with women groups, to whom special care shall be devoted. In terms of rural community mobilization, the setting up of associations, cooperative societies or growers unions will be promoted as a means of facilitating the development of cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms, with a view to promoting the growth of an agri-food industry and alleviating the scourge of unemployment.

VII. INPUTS TO BE PROVIDED BY FAO

1) Personnel Services

International Mushroom Specialist under FAO's Partnership Programme (retirees scheme), for four months in four missions. Term of Reference in Annex 1.

Supervisory Technical Services, including a field visit by Technical Officer AGPC; one mission of ten days to guide sector planning activities during final general workshop. Terms of Reference in Annex 1.

2) Official Travel within the country up to $15 000.

For FAO project staff including consultants and non-FAO staff related to the project.

3) General Operating Expenses up to $8 400.

To cover miscellaneous expenses necessary in the country (telephone, photocopies, paper, stationery etc).

4) Supplies up to $10 000.

To cover the costs for purchase of chemicals for laboratory, glassware, small tools, books and scientific magazines (list in Annex 3.2 ).

5) Equipment up to $92 000.

Equipment for facilities and demonstrations, including cost of equipment for setting up a laboratory for mycelium and spawn production (list in Annex 3.1).

6) Direct Operating Costs $20 000

To cover miscellaneous expenses at FAO headquarters related to project implementation.

7) Training up to $30 000.

To cover expenses for setting up and running workshops, including training materials which will have to be supplied in the country to technicians as well as to women and small farmers/growers. Specifically, the programme of training activities will comprise:

• Laboratory-based practical training for 10 lab. technicians over two months - $3 000
• Practical training for 12 field technicians over one month - $3 000
• Six one-day planning workshops for 30 persons at the districts - $6 000 followed up by 15 in-country field training workshops and demonstration training meetings for women and growers in villages or cooperatives for 20 persons - $15 000
• one final general workshop for 20 persons for three days in X - $3 000

Training programme in Annex 4.

VIII. REPORTING

The international consultant will, at the end of each mission, provide a concise and analytical report on the work carried out, results obtained, and including conclusions and recommendations.

In addition to his own technical reports, the international consultant will also prepare the project draft Terminal Statement which, after review and finalization at FAO Headquarters, will be submitted to the Government.

IX. GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION AND SUPPORTING ARRANGEMENTS

The Government of X, through MARD and DSTE, will contribute to the implementation of the TCP project by providing physical facilities (buildings, office space and local transport) and counterpart staff in order to facilitate the realization of the TCP objectives. The Government will assure the full-time involvement of the national counterpart staff throughout the duration of the project. The executing institution, DSTE, will ensure the full time presence of laboratory and field technicians (ten laboratory technicians, twelve field technicians) for the whole duration of the TCP, and beyond, in order to make such actions efficient and continuous.
The Government will also appoint a National Project Coordinator, (as well as a Deputy Project Coordinator, if deemed appropriate), in addition to drivers, administrative and secretarial staff as necessary for efficient project operation. These people will receive neither emolument nor benefits from FAO either directly or indirectly. The Government will also make land and fully serviceable laboratory premises available and supply the energy required for the smooth operation and maintenance of the equipment. Finally, the Government will provide the staff and support necessary to guarantee the continued functioning of the spawn laboratory and mushroom unit, as well as replication of the pilot experience in further districts once the TCP assistance is finished.

PROJECT BUDGET COVERING FAO INPUTS
(in US$)

Country: X

Project Title: Cultivation of edible mushrooms in Y Province

Project Number: TCP/XXX/...

Annex 1.1

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Title: Retired expert - Specialist in Mushroom Production Development
Duty Station: X
Duration: Four missions of one month each (total 4 p/m)
Qualifications: Agronomist, specialized in mushroom mycology, with at least 10 years of experience particularly in mushroom cultivation and agricultural extension.
Working experience in Southeast Asia
Working knowledge of English.

In accordance with the TCP guidelines drawn up by the Technical and Operational Units of FAO, under the technical supervision of AGPC and in close cooperation with the National Project Coordinator, the Expert shall coordinate and direct all actions necessary for realizing the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms.
Specifically, the consultant will:

First mission
- carry out an assessment of the facilities available locally at the DSTE, and of the equipment for laboratory unit and ordering;
- identify agricultural waste material suitable for use as substrates of different edible saprophytic mushrooms;
- take care of training and selecting personnel of DSTE by imparting lessons on mycology, physiology, ecology of edible saprophytic mushrooms fit for cultivation as well as on the laboratory techniques for mycelium and spawn production.

Second mission
- provide technical guidance and supervision for the establishment of the unit and for the improvement of spawn production, providing the necessary systems approach and methodology;
- organize training courses for local field technicians at all levels, both central and peripheral, on the cultivation of saprophytic edible mushrooms;
- organize in-country training, for farmers/growers and prepare brochures/leaflets, etc. for farmers/growers and cooperate in other actions aimed at promoting the cultivation of edible mushrooms among farmers.

Third mission
- organize workshop for farmers/growers interested in cultivating edible mushrooms with a view to exchanging opinions and experiences;
- evaluate the advertising printed material as well as its impact on farmers;
- study the possible creation of a farmers/growers cooperative for backing up the local agri-
- food industry;
- plan arrangements for final general workshop to be held in the fourth quarter.

Fourth mission
- evaluate the functional capacities as well as the results of the laboratory for mycelium and spawn production;
- evaluate the actions carried out by the field technicians and the outcome of the workshops held;
- guide implementation of the final general workshop for evaluating the targets reached and plan follow-up initiatives within the national programme;
- draft the final report and terminal statement.

Reporting
The retired expert will submit concise technical mission reports at the end of each field mission, in addition to documentation produced as required by his Terms of Reference. He will also prepare a draft Terminal Statement, according to TCP procedures, giving the main results and conclusions of the project. Reports are to be provided in English in hard copy and on diskette, in Microsoft Word format.

Annex 1.2

TERMS OF REFERENCE

FAO Technical Supervisory Field Mission (HQ staff)

Horticulture Sub-Sector Planning (AGPC Technical Officer)

Duty station: X
Duration/timing: One mission of ten days coinciding with the final general workshop.

Under the overall supervision of FAO operational and technical divisions, and in close collaboration with the NPC and government authorities, the Lead Technical Officer will provide technical support to international and national project staff in order to provide strategic advice as sub-sector planning work is consolidated during the final workshop. The mission will be output-oriented, leading to the preparation of an action programme for follow-up work by the X and National authorities concerned to strengthen edible mushroom development.

Reporting
A brief, action-oriented, mission report will be prepared detailing main conclusions and recommendations.

Annex 1.3

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Title: National Project Coordinator
Qualifications: Expert in the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms

The National Project Coordinator will be appointed by the Department of Science Technology and Environment of Y Province in close consultation with the Mushroom Culture Branch of Agriculture Genetics Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, and shall be responsible mainly for the managing and coordination of all activities required for developing the cultivation of edible saprophytic mushrooms. In particular, in close collaboration with the FAO expert/consultant, he will:

- organize in-service training programme for field technicians covering appropriate technologies for mushroom growing;
- organize demonstration activities, including establishment of growing houses in favourable site and assist field technicians in setting up training programmes for interested farmers on suitable methods of mushroom growing;
- work to promote the establishment of cooperatives of a Mushroom Growers' Association in order to facilitate technology transfer and eventual marketing and suggest a suitable draft statute;
- assist in the preparation of leaflets, technical guidelines on mushroom cultivation suitable for farmers/growers and every kind of propaganda (newspapers, TV, commercials, etc.) relating to mushroom cultivation for small farmers;
- prepare a quarterly project progress report.

Annex 2

PLANNED SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES

Period
Third quarter (year):
i) completing orders for suitable equipment and creation of a mycelium and spawn production centre
ii) identifying the best and most economical compost suitable for cultivating edible saprophytic mushrooms at the family level
iii) training field technicians on the farming techniques of edible saprophytic mushrooms at the family level
iv) establishing a cultivation schedule, preparation, delivery to farmers of spawn of saprophytic edible mushrooms in conformity with the needs of the local agri-food industry
v) developing, along with the field technicians, an adequate strategy aimed at publicizing the cultivation of saprophytic edible mushrooms at the family level for small farmers (training courses, leaflets, newspapers, media etc.)

Fourth quarter (year):
i) commissioning the equipment ordered and delivered
ii) training the laboratory technicians on the use of the above
iii) instructing the laboratory technicians on the techniques for producing mycelium and spawn, as well as storing the same and on how to run a laboratory in a rational way
iv) starting the production of mycelium and spawn
v) initiating the creation of a mycelium bank

First quarter (year):
i) making sure that the laboratory functions properly
ii) evaluating the activity of field technicians and holding technical workshops on mushroom cultivation
iii) evaluating the advertising printed material as well as its impact on farmers
iv) starting trial cultivation tests with different varieties of edible saprophytic mushrooms in line with the needs of the local agri-food industry
v) studying the possible creation of a farmers/growers cooperative for backing up the local agri-food industry

Second quarter (year):
i) evaluating the functional capacities as well as the results of the laboratory for mycelium and spawn production
ii) evaluating the actions carried out by the field technicians and the outcome of the workshops held
iii) final general workshop for evaluating the targets reached and planning follow-up under national programme
iv) drawing up the final report.

WORK PLAN - time schedule

Annex 3.1

PROVISIONAL LIST OF EQUIPMENT

Annex 3.2

PROVISIONAL LIST OF SUPPLIES

Annex 4

DESCRIPTION OF TRAINING PROGRAMME AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

1) Training courses for the 12 technicians who will assist and instruct farmers on edible saprophytic mushroom cultivation techniques will be held partly in the laboratory headquarters, partly in the field; they will last one month and focus predominantly on:
i) updating technicians on the farming techniques of main varieties of edible saprophytic mushrooms, especially those which are particularly interesting for the environment of the Y Province in view of the needs of the local agri-food industry.
ii) training technicians as well as studying with them what would be the best approach to farmers/growers, selecting the most suitable and easiest means of publicizing depending upon the target group (farmers, women etc.) and last but not least, developing audio-visual material to be shown at in-country workshops.
iii) instructing technicians on suitable techniques for utilizing the exhausted compost.

2) Training courses for the 10 laboratory technicians will be held in the hall of the laboratory headquarters which will be purposely-equipped; courses will have a duration of two months and mainly consist in:
i) refreshing and updating their mycological knowledge, especially in relation to particularly interesting varieties of edible saprophytic mushrooms.
ii) updating their knowledge on laboratory techniques for the preparation of pure cultures, mycelium, spawn, as well on maintaining the purity and preserving them.
iii) instructing them on the rational use of laboratory equipment, its maintenance, and drawing up, if necessary, sheets for the correct use of the equipment.
iv) teaching how to manage properly a laboratory, procedures for creating and maintaining laboratory rooms in a sterile condition, and work safety standards.

3) Workshops and training courses in the districts and villages and precisely six workshops in the districts most suitable and more directly concerned for at least 30 persons, and 15 demonstration training meetings in villages or cooperatives for at least 20 persons. Workshops and training meetings shall deal with:
i) explaining to farmers/growers, by means of in-country workshops, the simplest farming techniques of edible saprophytic mushrooms; the use of locally-available compost at zero cost; the use of exhausted compost.
ii) explaining to farmers/growers why they should grow edible saprophytic mushrooms both from the economic and dietary point of view and, if they are grown by women, showing them the importance of such farming and of their work in terms of their more active role in the family economy.
iii) Showing farmers/growers the benefits which may be obtained by setting up a cooperative among growers of edible saprophytic mushrooms.

4) In conjunction with all training activities (laboratory and field technicians and also for farmers/growers), training materials will be prepared and reproduced.

5) Project planning and impact evaluation workshop: final general workshop for evaluating the reached targets and planning follow-up under the national programme. Twenty persons for three days in Y Province, involving managers, technicians, planners and policy-makers from X.