NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK

TRUST FUND PROJECT FORMAT

"Integration of Aquaculture and Agriculture"

(PART II: PROJECT DESIGN)

(See also "Guidelines for Project Formulation for Trust Fund Projects" for full details on the expected contents of this document.)

A. GENERAL BACKGROUND

Specific information should be included covering the following:

Problem Analysis
Water is a critical limiting resource in some regions of the world. Much of these regions are arid to semi-arid, with mean annual rainfall varying from 50-1,000mm. These areas are prone to periodic droughts. There is intense competition for water supplies, as population increases and demand grows. The agricultural sector uses a significant percentage of all water. Reservoirs and ponds offer a mechanism for year round water storage. Large numbers of farmers are, however, forced to grow crops under unfavourable conditions in areas that are prone to erratic and low rainfall, although there is scope to expand opportunities for smallholder irrigation. The relatively high investment required means that the returns earned should be maximized.

In some of these regions large numbers of reservoirs have been constructed. These reservoirs can be directly used for fish production, or water can be diverted to fish ponds for production.

Aquatic production systems refer to multiple use ponds or dams where fish is one output from the diversified system. Water for domestic and agricultural uses is the number one priority for smallholders, with fish ranking high on the list of preferences. Fish are non-consumptive water users; they efficiently use a variety of naturally available nutrients to achieve potentially remarkable growth. Adding fish to an aquatic system has a synergistic effect. Fish consume practically no water, but enrich the water through their metabolic by-products, and may even improve water quality by consuming plankton and removing aquatic weeds.

Typical small-scale subsistence fish farming involves raising any of a variety of domesticated species in small (100-1,000m2) ponds, harvesting the fish crop by completely draining the water and capturing the fish. The proper specie to be cultured will be selected according to existing experience in the country or neighbouring countries (i.e. within an African context, these fish farming systems often involve growing fish of the tilapia group while in Asian countries they tend to choose cyprinids). The pond water is thus enriched through fertilization and the fish are fed household and farm by-products. There are a number of possible modifications on this basic formula, and in places where water is a scarce resource, most farmers choose not to drain their ponds but rather view these as water storage containers. Rather than harvest, these farmers remove a few fish by net, traps or hook and line at frequent intervals, either for home consumption or sale.

Increased harvests of fish through improved reservoir management, or from fish ponds would significantly benefit the local population and would enhance poverty alleviation. Fish is a high value crop, in short supply and in high demand in many rural areas worldwide. Fish harvesting, or pond cropping is not bound to specific seasons, and supplies can be geared to local demand, reducing the need for distant marketing and thus improving the local food situation. The presence of a pond also opens many possibilities for recycling farm products as well as enhancing overall farm management and production.

Integrated Aquaculture-Agriculture (IAA). Past experiences in several parts of the world have identified a number of scenarios whereby fish production units could be incorporated into small-scale irrigation schemes, with the net result being improved total output and enhanced water security. Aquaculture is in fact already integrated in irrigation schemes in some parts of Asia (Bangladesh for example), and has proved to be a substantial source of supplementary income to small farmers. Thus, the integration of aquaculture with agricultural activities brings a higher return per unit of land that agricultural activities alone, thus allowing a high return on investments made in irrigation infrastructure development. In other words, if farmers who are investing in irrigation can potentially get a much higher return if aquaculture is integrated in their agricultural calendar, thus obtaining a better valorization of the irrigation investment made.

Although aquaculture is a known production technology and irrigation technologies are well developed, integration of the two has only been tested in some parts of the world. There is a need to undertake practical field work to determine how the general techniques that have been developed can be adapted and modified to meet the specific needs of smallholder farmers in the country, and then how these modified techniques could be taught to a wide number of farmers with irrigated land. Furthermore, it is necessary to test and develop institutional modalities for extending IAA technology to farmers, since national agricultural and irrigation services have difficulty in providing training support to farmers for aquaculture activities.

National Coordination. IAA represents not only a new and innovative combination of different production systems; its support also requires an integrated approach at the farm level. Linking activities for irrigation and fish culture cuts across the areas of competency of several national institutions. For example, matters related to water as a physical entity are often within the mandate of a Department of Water Affairs or its equivalent, while irrigated crop production often falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture. Responsibility for Fisheries might fall under the auspices of a Ministry of Agriculture, but might also fall under a separate Department of Fisheries. With this variety of national institutional stakeholders, a concerted effort is required to facilitate the participation of the different agencies involved in the elaboration of an IAA programme to ensure a consistent approach at the farm level. Although water, irrigation and fish may represent different professional disciplines, at farmer level they form an integrated entity. Since the responsibility of the practical management of natural resources is being brought down to the local community level, the integration of technology support measures is also logical. A multi-disciplinary approach is necessary to deliver IAA messages to farmers.

Ongoing Aquaculture Support Activities in the Country
The project formulator should indicate to which other projects in the country or in the region is this one related.

For example, there may be an FAO Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS) project in the country that aims to improve smallholders' food security by introducing new irrigation techniques affordable for smallholder farmers.

(Note: Here a summary of past experiences on this type of projects in the region by FAO and/or other development agencies should be made.)

B. PROJECT RATIONALE-JUSTIFICATION

Specific information should be included covering the following:

Although aquaculture techniques are known, the integration of aquaculture with agriculture in an integrated cropping system is new to this country. Initial field trials should be initiated as an experimental activity. In order to be able to extend the technology to a wide number of farmers, field-testing should be conducted in a variety of areas and under a diversity of climate and cultural situations. This would allow the development of technical recommendations that have been formulated and adapted in light of actual field conditions and small farmer practices. The technical recommendations developed would then be used for the introduction of IAA on a wider scale.

The specific effects of integrated water use on fish growth, recruitment and predation are not well known in this country, and the synergistic effects of pond water irrigation with agricultural should be investigated. Experiences have confirmed the benefits of fish farming and improved reservoir fisheries for smallholder farmers, but have also shown the need to develop appropriate technologies for small farmers, and to demonstrate these new technologies at the farm level. Smallholders, who are risk-averse, need to see these techniques demonstrated in conditions similar to their own, in order to assess their potential benefits. An initial period of training and follow-up is required so that the techniques are well understood by farmers. Demonstration is also needed to build awareness among policy makers and extension staff of the benefits of a new technology.

The emphasis of the project would be to ensure the development and design of an approach suitable for smallholders so that they can optimize the benefits to be derived from IAA technology. The proposed project would finance on-farm action-oriented participatory research for integrating aquaculture into integrated farming systems through affordable improvements in irrigation, and where appropriate, improved fisheries management in irrigation reservoirs. The action-oriented research would aim at developing and adapting appropriate technologies for integration under site specific local conditions. The most appropriate change agents and mechanisms to transfer the knowledge to farmers would be identified, as well as training materials and techniques for the diffusion of IAA technology. Change agents may be formal extension workers, but might also include representatives of local community water users associations. This would enhance of management capacity of local institutions as well as their water management skills.

A Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) focused on integrating aquaculture into farming systems through affordable improvements in irrigation holds considerable promise for ensuring household food security, either through earnings from fish sales as well as from an increase in protein from auto-consumption. Integrated techniques offer in most cases more advantages to farmers than non integrated techniques. However, due to the complexity of these techniques and their direct influence on already existing farming practises the adoption of integrated techniques is more difficult. The project would therefore develop methods and materials for the dissemination of these integrated techniques.

Integrated techniques focus on water conservation and re-use. Although IAA is a new and evolving technology, the techniques generally involve storing water uphill from irrigated fields and/or capturing water as it leaves irrigated fields. Upstream storage allows not only a reliable supply of water under conditions of undependable or periodic availability, but also for a more careful control of downstream flow to avoid waste and even possible erosion. Under the simplest conditions, water from the ponds can be splashed or otherwise manually applied to nearby crops. Water from ponds can also be diverted to fields by gravity or siphon. In more complex systems, water accumulating in ponds can be pumped uphill to crops or water from lower water sources can be pumped into uphill ponds for storage.

The proposed project would address the problem of water use and re-use, and aims to identify techniques that optimize the use of the available water resources for food production for smallholder farmers. These new and innovative techniques would allow use of the same water to grow crops, fish and vegetables, thus increasing the economic and nutritional value harvested per unit of water used. Adoption of these technologies would increase food and water security, improve the nutritional well-being of beneficiaries and offer opportunities for expanded income generation while diversifying smallholder farming systems.

It would set the stage for formulating a sound national integrated aquaculture-agriculture policy framework that benefits the poor. Doing so, under the aegis of on-going irrigation programmes, would be particularly advantageous as overall provision for capacity building has already been provided. Following the testing period under the project, there would be immediate scope for expansion within the country.

The project would develop techniques for different settings, to demonstrate its impact, to test it on a wider scale, and to inform other stakeholders of the results. The collaboration with other related or similar projects in the country would provide an extra guarantee that the techniques would be further disseminated, and that activities on IAA would be expanded in the country.

The development of the technology in participation with farmers would determine whether the financial resources of the farmers restrain the adoption of the technology and/or limit the expansion of the activity. If so, the need for credit financing would also be identified through dialogue with the farmers. Demonstration and validation of the technology would also be used to inform the appropriate financial institutions about the economic viability of IAA techniques. This information could in turn be used to assess credit requests for IAA activities.

Linkage with Other Projects
The construction of a new reservoir or the rehabilitation of existing reservoirs offer opportunities for the introduction of a new management techniques for fish stocks, particularly when communities have been involved in the civil works and when the fish farming management can be integrated into the overall water management practices. The introduction of new management methods for irrigation schemes, of new irrigation techniques at rehabilitated or newly constructed schemes is a good entry point for the introduction of new techniques for the integration of aquaculture and irrigation.

The proposed project would operate in close contact with other existing irrigation programmes in the country. Initial field-testing would be conducted at selected sites in this country, but collaborators from other programmes would be kept informed of project results. The project may generate technology and training results which could then be used under other similar projects in the country and the region.

Target Group and Beneficiaries
The target beneficiaries of the project are the smallholder farmers. There is a strong correlation between the extent and severity of rural poverty and reliance on subsistence agriculture The project targets those farmers who depend for their livelihood on the farming of various crops and aims to improve the farm production through more efficient use of available resources, with special emphasis on water utilization. The intermediate beneficiaries are the policy makers and planners. The project aims to demonstrate the appropriateness of integrated activities and how they can be introduced and disseminated, which would facilitate the preparation of further development programmes.

C. DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE

The development objective of the project would be to ensure the development and adaptation of IAA in an approach suitable for smallholders. The general objective of the project is to introduce and develop farmer friendly techniques for integrating aquaculture into irrigated agriculture to raise the over return per unit of land and quality of water used. The specific objectives of the project are to lay the foundation for widespread replication of the techniques developed and tested, and to promote the development of national programmes for IAA for smallholders to promote higher returns for investments in irrigation in the country.

The project would have four main project activities:

i) Farmer Friendly IAA Technology Development;
ii) Validation of IAA Technology;
iii) Diffusion of IAA Technology (for Smallholder Irrigated Farming Systems); and
iv) National Awareness Building of IAA.

D. IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE(S), OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES

An overview of planned project activities is provided in the Project Logical Framework presented in Appendix 1, along with the Project Implementation Schedule Timeline in Appendix 2. A detailed description of the project activities and outputs is provided below.

i) Farmer Friendly IAA Technology Development
The approach for developing appropriate technology based on the results of previous work in the country would be the following. About 10 appropriate sites in specific countries would be selected together with farmers. Effort would be made to ensure that the sites selected are representative of the different types of field conditions for IAA. Following site selection, analysis would be made to determine which of the existing technologies is most suitable for the locations selected. Subsequently, farmers at each of these sites (about 20 per site, or 200 per country for a total of about 600 farmers) would be introduced to the rationale behind IAA and the techniques which would be tested. The management strategies for IAA would then be developed in collaboration with them, using Sustainable Livelihood (SL) and Farmer Field School (FFS) approaches for discovery learning and farmer participatory research. These on-farm trials would be the basis for developing adjustments and improvements to the technology which has already been tested at the research level, so that recommendations appropriate for field implementation can be developed. The following specific activities would be covered under this component:

- Scheme identification (Activity: 1.1.1). The international expert would visit irrigation sites and would discuss the selection of irrigation schemes suitable for the testing of IAA techniques under different scenarios, with farmers, project staff and government staff.

- Area appraisals (Activity: 1.1.2). An appraisal of the selected sites would be carried out to determine the specific aquaculture-agriculture technologies and water management options to be demonstrated and tested at the different sites. The international expert and national fisheries and irrigation staff would conduct this activity.

- Farmers' selection (Activity: 1.1.3). At the selected sites, interested farmers would be invited to participate in the testing of the IAA technology. A baseline study of selected farmer's activities to prepare profiles of the cropping and water management techniques currently used by the target groups would be carried out (see Activity 2.11 below).

- FFS meetings (Activity: 1.1.4). At the selected sites, FFSs would be held fortnightly. These meetings would be initiated by the international expert and national experts, and gradually delegated to the national expert in collaboration with local extension staff. The participating farming families would attend FFS for discovery learning and farmer participatory research. This would lead to the final selection of the aquaculture packages most suitable for the farmer and would form the basis of adjustments and improvements to the technology.

- Project Coordination Unit (Activity: 1.1.5). Immediately at the start of the project a coordination unit would be established in one of the countries to contact relevant institutions, other projects and government agencies and to prepare a detailed project work programme and budget by country. Fifteen months of international consultancy support would be required, for the preparation of specific technical and training materials, the finalizing of reports and organization of meetings.

ii) Validation of IAA Technology
Monitoring and validation of the technical packages developed would be carried out at each site in close collaboration with the participating farmers. The approach for validating the technical approaches developed would be based on an initial baseline study to assess the returns that smallholder farmers are currently getting with their irrigated crops. The full costs and the returns from integrating fish farming into the irrigated crop system would be estimated. Farmers' perception of the difficulties and constraints of the technology developed would be assessed, in order to ensure that it is appropriate to their cultural values, their farming systems and their financial situation. The following specific activities would be covered under this component:

- Baseline study (Activity 2.1.1). During the first months of the project a specific baseline study would be carried out in the selected areas, focusing on the importance of fish and water at household level. The purpose of the baseline study would be to estimate the financial returns to farmers with agricultural activities alone, in order to be able to subsequently measure the increased financial benefits from the aquaculture. The baseline survey would be coordinated by the international expert and would be conducted by a national consultant socio-economist, supported by enumerators under temporary assistance for data collection.

- Solution identification (Activity: 2.1.2). The detailed analysis of the monitoring and validation process would result in the final design of techniques for IAA under different conditions. This analysis would be conducted by the international expert, the national expert, and with technical support from the FAO backstopping service. The impact of the technology on household income and food security would be measured using an impact analysis tool already developed.

- Input requirement assessed (Activity: 2.2.1). A specific study would be conducted at the selected sites to identify the needs for credit and other inputs, using PRA or similar techniques. The international expert and the national expert, supported by required staff under contractual services would conduct this study.

- Input suppliers identified (Activity: 2.2.2). As a follow up of the Activity 2.3.1, suppliers of required inputs would be identified and conditions of delivery of inputs would be discussed with suppliers and farming families. The international expert and the national expert, supported by required staff under contractual services would conduct this activity.

- Monitoring and validation (Activity: 2.3.1). Monitoring and validation of at least one technical package identified would be carried out in each site in close collaboration with the target group. A monitoring system would be designed and tested to collect relevant information for the validation and adjustment of the IAA technical packages. Specific effort would be made to involve farmers in monitoring, so that their views and perceptions are reflected in the final report. Local extension staff, assisted by staff recruited under temporary assistance, would collect the data. The national expert in collaboration with the local extension worker would discuss specific aspects of the technology with the farmers during the FFS meetings.

- Impact analysis (Activity 2.3.2). In the third year of operation, a study would be conducted to measure the impact of the technology. The impact study would be coordinated by the international consultant and would be conducted by a national consultant socio-economist, supported by enumerators under temporary assistance for data collection. Final analysis would further be supported by the FAO technical backstopping service. The impact evaluation would also include a description of the lessons learned about the specific conditions required and inputs which favourably influence the adoption of IAA. Special reference would be made about the financial requirement for adopting IAA and the potential need for credit. Suppliers of the required inputs would be identified. The possibilities for private initiatives for input and service supply would be discussed.

iii. Diffusion of IAA Technology (for Smallholder Irrigated Farming Systems)
The outcome of the first two components would form the basis for developing extension and training materials for further introduction and integration of the technology in the different smallholder irrigated farming systems. Thus, the results of the demonstration and trial sites, along with the information developed from monitoring and evaluation would be used to prepare the training materials which would then be used by national extension systems and NGOs for wider introduction of IAA techniques.

- Preparation training and extension materials (Activity 3.1.1). Based on the results of the outputs under the component for Technology Validation, a training curriculum would be established and training and extension materials would be prepared. This activity would be conducted by the international expert together with the national expert, and assisted by staff recruited under contracts for task specific work. Appropriate information channels and change agents for the dissemination of the technology identified.

- Identification of suitable information channels (Activity 3.2.1). A study would be conducted to analyze the present information services, channels and change agents used by farmers to obtain information, including their effectiveness and accessibility for the dissemination of IAA technology. The international expert and the national expert, supported by required staff under contractual services would conduct this study.

- Selection of change agents (Activity 3.2.2). Based on the results of activity 3.2.1 the most appropriate change agents would be selected. This selection would be carried out in close collaboration with the farmers and with relevant government staff. Key change agents (40) trained in the testing, management and monitoring of integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems, to conduct Farmers' Field Schools (FFS) in integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems and fisheries management.

- Training of change agents (Activity 3.3.1). A formal training of around 40 key change agents would be conducted per country, during four one-week training sessions. Effort would be made to select change agents who would have their own irrigated plot or who lives nearby, so that they experience the constraints that farmers face over an entire cropping season. Training would include classroom sessions as well as field visits to sites where IAA has been successfully implemented. The project staff, supported by the FAO technical backstopping service, a national consultant and assistants recruited for specific training topics would conduct the training sessions.

- Introduction of IAA by change agents (Activity 3.3.2). The trained change agents would introduce the various techniques of IAA, developed by the project in their respective areas. They would conduct FFS and would use the prepared extension materials. The national expert would support these change agents in starting activities. This would allow for assessing the effectiveness of the training methods developed, and their eventual adaptation before further dissemination beyond these test groups.

- Trainers meetings (Activity 3.3.3). Bimonthly meetings with the change agents would be held to exchange experiences and results of the introduction of the IAA techniques, to share successes and tackle problems. The national expert would coordinate and chair these meetings. A manual would be produced to describe the demonstrated effective methodology for the introduction of integrated aquaculture and irrigation.

- Methodology development (Activity 3.4.1). The results obtained under activities 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3, would be analyzed and used to establish a demonstrated and functional methodology for the introduction of IAA on a wider scale. This analysis would be carried out by the international expert, assisted by the national expert.

iv. National Awareness Building of IAA
The suitability of the technology, and the appropriateness of the approach for further dissemination would be demonstrated to policy makers, technical advisors, other projects, and financial institutions, in order to create awareness about the potential for wider introduction of IAA.

- Exposure to IAA (Activity 4.1.1). Results of fieldwork, in the form of reports, working papers and newsletter articles, would be disseminated to policy makers and senior staff throughout the project. Two special field visits would be made to demonstrate the results. One field trip would be organized at the end of the identification and validation process, the other would be held after the techniques have been introduced on a larger scale using the trained change agents. Information would be made available to increase the national capacity to plan and support policies for integrating fish and crop production in irrigated farming systems of smallholders.

- Impact evaluation (Activity 4.2.1). A participatory evaluation of IAA and aquatic resource management would take place to demonstrate the impact of the project. This study would include the results of the analysis of the impact at household level, as conducted under Activity 2.2.2. It is however much broader as it would also evaluate the effectiveness and costs of the used approach to introduce the new technologies.

- High level Seminar (Activity 4.2.2). A seminar with high level national staff would be held to disseminate findings, discuss successes and constraints, and plan for appropriate follow-up action. The organization and facilitation of this seminar would be the responsibility of an international consultant, assisted by the technical support from FAO.

- Preparation of development programmes (Activity 4.2.3). Depending on the evaluation and national interest, a programme for the development of IAA in all suitable areas in the countries would be prepared. FAO would assume the principal role in this activity.

End of project situation. It is expected that at the end of the project appropriate technologies adapted to the various sites for optimal water resource use through IAA would have been identified, tested and demonstrated. That appropriate extension methods would have been developed and that further expansion of the integration could effectively be implemented. A better understanding of credit needs would be achieved and mechanisms for delivery of credit would be identified. It is further expected that the policy makers and planners in the country would acquire additional knowledge on the benefits of the technology and the requirements, and that decisions regarding introduction or expansion would be based on this knowledge.

E. INPUTS

Coordination
FAO would have overall responsibility for the implementation and administration of the project (submission of annual work programme and budget, supervision, and reporting on progress and expenditures). The specific inputs to be provided by FAO are detailed in Appendix IV.

The project would work in direct collaboration with connected projects run by FAO or funded by the same donor in the country, the national SPFS projects.

At the country level, implementation of the project would constitute cooperative exercise between other donor funded projects, farming communities involved in irrigation activities and NGOs as well as national staff at the local, divisional, district and provincial levels involvement in water management and agricultural extension work. Collaboration with other irrigation programmes funded by the donor would be at field level, and would involve the introduction of integrated techniques, the management of irrigation schemes and reservoirs, the design of the lay-out of irrigation schemes, and the training activities. FAO would be responsible making necessary arrangement for collaboration between the different partners; supervisory and backstopping services would be combined by FAO where possible.

FAO would make maximum effort to build upon and reinforce existing capacities for the provision of FFS and to maximize the use of experienced facilitators.

The project would additionally have close contacts with SPFS which has underscored the importance of irrigation for smallholders, all the while encouraging the promotion of aquaculture as an important contributor to food security. The project would establish close linkages with national institutions involved in water, fisheries and agriculture. Government staff from these institutions would be directly involved in training while their policy makers would be sensitized to the benefits of IAA and the need for an interdisciplinary approach to its implementation.

Field implementation
The Project implementation Schedule Timeline in Appendix 2 shows the implementation timing of activities. The project would start initially in Country A and Country B, and would implement activities under the first two components (Farmer Friendly IAA Technology Development and Validation of IAA Technology) at ten sites in Country A and another ten sites in Country B. Implementation of the third component Diffusion of IAA Technology (for Smallholder Irrigated Farming Systems) would expand activities beyond the ten demonstration sites by PY 2 while initial activities would be started in Country C. After the second year, field activities in Country A and Country B related to the introduction of IAA techniques would have been completed, and field activities would start in Country C. Because of the experiences obtained with the project in Country A and Country C the lessons learned and the materials prepared, it is anticipated that activities in Country C can immediately combine activities undertaken the first three components, although adaptations to location specific conditions would certainly be required. Implementation of the fourth component National Awareness Building of IAA would be during the last year of the project, and would involve national staff from agricultural, fishery and irrigation ministries, representatives of relevant national agencies and NGOs.

F. RISKS

Describe the probability or likelihood that an event or factors in the project environment may cause, from the outset or during implementation. Risks are generally stated in the negative. Some mention needs to be made of the probability of the risks occurring, the effects if they do and how the project has been designed to mitigate such risks.

Data Needs:

• Examples of events that negatively effected projects in the past and on corrected measures taken at the time.

Data Sources:

• Ministry of Fisheries/Water Affairs

G. PRIOR OBLIGATIONS AND PREREQUISITES

Describe actions to be taken by the Government to facilitate implementation, but also for starting up the project (prior obligation), and actions which do effect start up but which can cause serious disruption during implementation (pre-requisites). If these obligations cannot be reasonably met by government prior to commencement of the project, they can be folded into the outputs and inputs of the projects.

Data Needs:

• Qualitative information on relevant policy environment and laws concerned.
  
• Details on government contribution in kind.

Data Sources:

• Ministry of Fisheries/Legal Department

H. PROJECT REPORTING, REVIEWS AND EVALUATION

In line with standard FAO procedures, reporting on the progress of implementation of the services would be provided through six-monthly progress reports prepared by FAO, and submitted by FAO to the government with copies to the donor. A review of the would be carried out by FAO through a technical supervisory mission in the second year, which would further complement the technical services required for the implementation of the project. The technical contributions from staff assigned to the project would be submitted in a range of technical reports. A terminal report would be drafted by FAO field staff and submitted by FAO to the donor and participating countries upon completion of activities.

I. BUDGET (PLAN OF EXPENDITURE)

Project Costs. The total budget for the proposed project is US$XX for implementation over XX years. A service charge of XX% has been included in the project to cover FAO overhead expenses for supervision and administration. Contributions from the concerned governments would be in the form of extension staff and technical staff to support the implementation of the project. Table 1 below provides an imaginary example of a Trust Fund three-year project costs, while a breakdown by FAO budget code is presented in Appendix 3.

Table 1. Project Costs (US$)

Annual Work Programme and Budget. The project would be implemented on the basis of Annual Work Programmes and Budgets to be prepared by FAO with national and submitted to the donor for approval. Disbursement: project funds would be channelled according to normal FAO procedures; and would be disbursed in advance on the basis of the approved AWP/B. Audit: Existing FAO procedures which have been applied to previous projects provided by the same donor would be applied.

J. ANNEXES

(See TF guidelines on this section.)

APPENDIX 1
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK

Goal: To introduce and develop farmer-friendly techniques for integrating aquaculture into irrigated agriculture to raise the over return per unit of land and water used

General objective: To lay the foundation for widespread replication of the techniques developed and tested, and to promote the development of individual national programmes for the integration of aquaculture-agriculture for smallholders to promote higher returns for investments in irrigation in the selected country.

APPENDIX 2

Note: The work plan of the project would be revised by the Project Management Team at the early stage of implementation.

APPENDIX 3

Appendix 4

INPUTS TO BE PROVIDED BY FAO

The inputs required for the implementation of the project and to be provided by FAO are:

One International Aquaculture/Extension Expert would be recruited for the duration of the project (specify) and for consultancies thereafter. The expert would hold the overall responsibility for the implementation of the project.

The FAO Technical Backstopping Services would complement the technical services required for the implementation of the project. Two specific missions for assistance with the implementation of project activities are foreseen in the second year of operation.

International Consultants on specific fields in support of the project will be available three months per year.

National Irrigation/Extension Experts would be recruited for the duration of project activities and would be responsible, under the guidance of the aquaculture/extension expert, the international consultants and FAO technical staff for the implementation of field activities.

National Consultants would be recruited (on socio-economics and training), to conduct the baseline and impact analysis for a total duration of three months, and for the preparation of the training curriculum and material for the duration of three months.

Contracts would be issued for the collection of specific information, and for assistance with specific project activities such as the evaluation of impact.

General Operating Expenses cover communication cost, operation and maintenance of equipment in the project, the printing of a terminal report and eventual physical contingencies.

Materials and Supplies cover the expenses for small materials, training materials etc.

Equipment includes all major items of equipment the project requires for its implementation would be purchased: vehicles, computers, printer, photocopier, overhead projector, camera, and office plus additional equipment like specific training equipment, expenses for national experts, etc.

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR PROJECT STAFF

International Expert, (Aquatic Resource Specialist)

Under the general supervision of the FAO Regional Operations Branch, the technical supervision of the Regional Fisheries Unit and in close co-operation with national authorities, the incumbent would have overall responsibility for the technical activities and the aspects of the integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems in participating countries of operation for the duration of the project. Specifically he/she would take responsibility for:

• Technical supervision of field projects concentrating on fish production technologies, water management, extension and training;
  
• Provision of technical advice on aquatic resource planning, integration of fish-farming into small-holder farming systems, and optimal management of impoundment's within smallholder farming systems to governments of participating countries, technical institutions and NGOs;
  
• Identification of sites for the adoption, expansion and further IAA activities;
  
• Organization of training sessions and meetings;
  
• Review of technical reports and data from collaborating projects and institutions and other development programmes on IAA, analyses and comparison of findings with a view to defining training and extension needs for staff from national institutions, resource persons and stakeholders, with emphasis on extension, and integrated use of water resources;
  
• Supervision of Associated Professional Officers (APOs), National Experts or consultants assigned to assist the incumbent in the execution of his mandate;
  
• Preparation or review of technical reports and other documents including those prepared by APOs, National experts or consultants within the incumbent's technical expertise;
  
• Prepare a draft Terminal Statement and submit it to FAO Regional Office concerned as an e-mail attachment or on diskette, together with two hard copies;
  
• other duties as may be assigned.

• Advanced university degree in fisheries/aquaculture or related subject with specialization in small-scale systems;
  
• 10 years of progressively responsible professional field experience in research or developmental activities relating to tropical smallholder aquaculture and fisheries in the project country region;
  
• Working knowledge (Level C) of the official language of FAO in the country; ability to analyze technical issues, to write clear and concise reports and make effective oral presentations;
  
• Maturity, initiative, tact and a high sense of responsibility;
  
• Computer literacy and ability to use word processing, spreadsheet and other standard software; ability to work harmoniously with people of different national and cultural backgrounds.