PRIMARY GOAL
|
To Contribute to Increased Household Food Security and Income Through
Pig Production
|
BENEFICIARIES
|
25 Women Farmers in Peri-urban District
|
DURATION
|
October 199- to October 200-
|
COST
|
US $9 614
|
DONOR
|
FAO TeleFood Special Fund
|
TARGET GROUP
The 25 resource poor peri-urban women of ... Club in ... District and
their families will be the primary target beneficiaries. Most of these
women are single parents, widows or married to retrenched men. Most members
come from Female-Headed Households. Using the average family size of members,
the total primary beneficiaries will be about 150 persons. The benefits
translate to US$182 per household per year or about US$30 per person in
a participating household per year. On a wider scale the club will be
able to generate about US$4553 per year which will enter the micro economy
of ... District.
BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
... is one of the most under-developed Districts in Country X. Economic
activity is very traditional and mostly linked to fish and cattle trading.
As a result most retirees opt to settle around the peripheral areas of
the Town centre where land for cultivation is very limited. It is very
difficult for peri-urban dwellers to engage in gainful employment. Private
business is limited to trade in consumables. The major employer; Government
has been retrenching staff. As a result more and more people are finding
themselves without employment. Farming is the only promising alternative.
... Women Farmers' Club composed mainly of peri-urban single women seeks
to engage in pig production following the successful experience of two
of its members. Pigs are also very prolific; under fair management they
can give up to two litters every year with litter sizes of up to 8 piglets
per furrowing. With three sows, it is possible to rear up to 36 porkers
every year taking into account mortalities. With this kind of production,
pigs can contribute significantly to income generation and household food
security.
The selection of the piggery enterprise is based on the fact that all
the required inputs can be obtained locally. Purchased major inputs are
brought in only once at the beginning. Training and monitoring by MAFF
will ensure that the project continues. The project relies on use of crop
residues, domestic food waste, agro-processing by-products and collection
of wild fruits and hay. The time required to care for pigs is very minimal
and since the units are next to the homesteads it will be possible to
keep regular contact.
The club has opted to have individual piggery units because experience
in similar projects has shown that communal enterprises generally suffer
from lack of commitment especially after direct donor support.
Although a considerable amount of pork can be exported out of the district
there exists a reasonable market for pork at Riverside Hotel, one local
butchery and the secondary school that has boarding facilities. The newly
constructed road will also attract buyers from neighboring districts.
OBJECTIVES
The main objective is to establish individual piggery units for the production
of pigs for sale and home consumption. The management of the piggery units
will be based on available feed resources and thus will not rely on purchased
inputs. A semi-extensive system of managing pigs will be used. Once established
participating club members will be able to replace their breeding stock
from the sale of old stock and weaners.
With this kind of a project, Members will be able to contribute significantly
to the growth of the club. The club will be able to support members in
distress as well as contribute to other community development initiatives.
DURATION :
12 months
OUTPUTS
It is expected that each participant will be able to produce 36 piglets
each year. At least 18 of these should be to able reach maturity each
year. With these pig sales club members be should be able to increase
ownership of other small stock consequently this should result in increased
regular cash income and household food security for female-headed households
in peri-urban ... District. The expected benefits per family are estimated
below based on the following assumptions:
- 2 furrowings per year per sow,
- an average litter size of 8 piglets per furrowing,
- an average mortality of 2 piglets per furrowing,
- 10 months of rearing to reach maturity
- pigs will be fed on crop residues, agro-processing by products, domestic
food waste, hay and wild fruits.
Table 1 : The Value of Production for the entire club
PRODUCTION
|
NO.
|
UNIT PRICE
|
PRODUCTION
|
US$
|
Breeding Sows
|
75
|
60,000
|
4,500,000
|
1,915
|
Breeding boar
|
25
|
70,000
|
1,750,000
|
745
|
Number of Furrowings
|
150
|
|
0
|
-
|
Number of Piglets Born
|
1,200
|
|
0
|
-
|
Number of Weaners
|
510
|
20,000
|
10,200,000
|
4,340
|
Number of Porkers
|
480
|
50,000
|
24,000,000
|
10,213
|
Porkers for Home Consumption
|
144
|
50,000
|
7,200,000
|
3,064
|
Porkers for Sale
|
336
|
50,000
|
16,800,000
|
7,149
|
|
|
|
64,450,000
|
27,426
|
It must be understood that the benefits of keeping pigs go beyond the
cash sales and home consumption. There is employment creation, and utilization
of domestic waste and crop residues that otherwise go to waste. It is
difficult to put a value on such things as the creation of confidence
in the area.
Table 2 : A simple Economic Analysis of the Project
|
Club
|
House hold
|
Family
US $
|
Total Benefits
|
34,200,000
|
1,368,000
|
582
|
Total Costs
|
23,500,225
|
940,009
|
400
|
Net Benefits
|
10,699,775
|
427,991
|
182
|
Benefits per family
|
|
427,991
|
182
|
Benefits per person
|
|
71,331.83
|
30
|
Benefit : Cost Ratio
|
1.46
|
|
|
ACTIVITIES
In order to engage in small-scale pig production, three sows and a boar,
four pens and a paddock will be required by each participant. The pens
can be built with local materials except for cement, nails and barbed
wire that will have to be purchased. The paddocks should be selected in
such a way that there are shade trees. Selected participants should have
access to a lot of crop residues, food waste and agro-processing by-products
such as maize bran and brewers grain. Participants will have successfully
completed a 1-week pig production course organized by the Ministry of
Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. The course will cover:
- Feeding and watering pigs;
- Preparation for furrowing;
- controlling internal and external parasites;
- Piglet management;
- Disinfecting pig pens; and
- Conserving pig feeds.
The Piggery Units will be sited away from homesteads in the wind direction
and near water sources. The Piggery Units will be constructed according
to the prescribed design and using the recommended materials. Ministry
of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries Officials will monitor the health of
the pigs. Repairs to the pens will be done using local resources.
The club will hold two field days as follows:
- a method demonstration of how to prepare for furrowing
- a method demonstration of how to care for piglets; and
- a method demonstration of how to conserve feed for pigs.
PRE-REQUISITES
A strong and cohesive group that is willing to monitor and supervise
its members is critical to the success of the project. Important pre-requisites
will include:
- Land for the establishment of the piggery units,
- Local building materials made available by the group members,
- Availability of sufficient feed resources, and
- Water resources.
INPUTS TO BE PROVIDED AND COSTS
Table 3 below presents a list of the required inputs and costs while
table 4 presents the same items but for 25 farmers.
Table 3: Required inputs and Costs per Farmer
REQUIRED INPUTS
|
NO.
|
UNIT COST
|
TOTAL COST
|
US$
|
Breeding Sows
|
3
|
60,000
|
180,000
|
76.60
|
Breeding Boar
|
1
|
70,000
|
70,000
|
29.79
|
Cement (50Kg Pockets)
|
5
|
16,000
|
80,000
|
34.04
|
Nails in kgs
|
5
|
10,000
|
50,000
|
21.28
|
Rolls of Barbed Wire
|
1
|
90,000
|
90,000
|
38.30
|
Dewormers (1 litre)
|
3
|
60,000
|
180,000
|
76.60
|
Accaricides (1 litre Pouracides)
|
3
|
50,000
|
150,000
|
63.83
|
Disinfectants (2.5 litres)
|
3
|
25,000
|
75,000
|
31.91
|
|
|
|
0
|
0.00
|
|
|
|
875,000
|
372.3
|
Table 4: Required inputs and Costs for 25 Farmers
|
|
|
|
|
REQUIRED INPUTS
|
NO.
|
UNIT COST
|
TOTAL COST
|
US$
|
Breeding Sows
|
75
|
60,000
|
4,500,000
|
1,915
|
Breeding boar
|
25
|
70,000
|
1,750,000
|
745
|
Cement
|
125
|
16,000
|
2,000,000
|
851
|
Nails in kgs
|
125
|
5,000
|
625,000
|
266
|
Wire
|
25
|
90,000
|
2,250,000
|
957
|
Dewormers
|
75
|
39,000
|
2,925,000
|
1,245
|
Accaricides
|
75
|
50,000
|
3,750,000
|
1,596
|
Disinfecting
|
75
|
24,500
|
1,837,500
|
782
|
Transportation of purchased items
|
|
|
1,455,000
|
Operational Costs
|
|
1,500,000
|
1,500,000
|
638
|
|
|
|
23,500,225
|
9 614
|
Each participant will contribute labour, poles or burnt breaks and grass
for thatching. The women and their families are expected to cut the required
poles and grass. The table below shows details of these contributions.
Table 5: The Value of Each Farmer's
Contributions
Breaks
|
Individual
|
US$
|
Club
|
US$
|
Thatch grass
|
50,000
|
21.28
|
1,250,000
|
531.91
|
Poles
|
80,000
|
34.04
|
2,000,000
|
851.06
|
Feeds
|
250,000
|
106.38
|
6,250,000
|
2,659.57
|
Crop residues
|
50,000
|
21.28
|
1,250,000
|
531.91
|
Domestic food waste
|
20,000
|
8.51
|
500,000
|
212.77
|
Agro-processing by products
|
100,000
|
42.55
|
2,500,000
|
1,063.83
|
Grazing and scavenging
|
30,000
|
12.77
|
750,000
|
319.15
|
Building labour
|
50,000
|
21.28
|
1,250,000
|
531.91
|
Labour rearing
|
120,000
|
51.06
|
3,000,000
|
1,276.60
|
Total
|
750,000
|
319.15
|
18,750,000
|
7,978.72
|
MONITORING AND REPORTING ARRANGEMENTS
Participating farmers will enter into an agreement in which they will
pledge to manage the pigs according to the guide lines that will be developed
by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries Officials. These practices
will be covered in a one-week pig management training course.
A reporting format covering management of the piggery units, health status
and reproduction will be submitted to the Department of Agriculture with
copies to FAO. The reports will be written by the clubs secretariat. Officials
from MAFF will visit each member regularly to ensure success. These visits
will be incorporated in the routine programmes of MAFF Staff. Club members
not abiding by the agreement and thus failing to manage the pigs according
to the recommendations will have their pigs withdrawn from them and given
to others. The club is expected to put collective pressure on members
who fail to look after the pigs well.
The club will meet regularly to discuss problems as well as receive individual
reports. The Club Secretariat will then compile these reports to produce
the group report. The group will meet once every fortnight while reports
will be made on a monthly basis. The Chairperson will be held responsible
for the monthly reports. Disciplinary cases will be dealt with by at least
two thirds of the full membership.
The designated national Officer will provide the FAO Representative
a progress report every three months and a final report including simple
analysis of costs and benefits which could be used for the preparation
of future investment projects.
RISKS
There remains a small risk of saturating the local market with pigs should
all the participants be successful. The price of pork will as a consequence
fall. However, since the pigs will be reared on cheap feed resources this
is a small risk.
The stability of the group might be threatened once the individuals become
prosperous.
|