Soomaaliya guud ahaan waxay leeday cimilo u dhexeysa oomane iyo mid bar-oomane ah. Roob-da’u waa sifo qeexeysa cimilada oo waxay leedahay kala duwanaasho weyn oo masaaxadeed iyo mid waqtiyeed. Cimilada Soomaaliya waxa ay ka abuuranta kulanka dabaylaha ka soo dhaca waqooyiga iyo koonfurta aagga dhulsooraha (inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)). Meelo badan oo gudaha Soomaaliya ah waxay tani ka dhalisaa laba xilli roobaad – Guga marka aaggu gobolku xagga waqooyi iyo deyrta marka uu u wareego koonfur. Labada xaaladoodba, roobku wuxuu ka dhashaa dabaysha qoyan ee ka timaadda Badweynta Hindiya, marka dabayshu u dhacayso xagga koonfureed. Dabaylaha waqooyi-bari, ka soo dhacaya Aasiya iyo Caaraabiya, waxay dhaliyaaan roob aan badnayn. Waxaa badanaa la aaminsan yahay in roob di’iddu tahay waxa ugu muhiimsan cimilada oo saamaynaya nolosha gudaha Soomaaliya. Si gaar ah, isbedel xilli ka xilli, iyo isbedello isla xilliga gudihiisa waxay yihiin waxa go’aamiya guulaha hawlaha beeraha.

Water resources in Somalia are limited both in quantity and quality, with frequent droughts and floods further worsening the water security situation in the country. Before the onset of civil war in early 1991, the main institution in charge of water resources management in Somalia was the Ministry of Water and Mineral Resources (MWMR) through the National Water Centre (NWC). Exploitation of domestic water supplies was the responsibility of the Water Development Agency (WDA), while the ministry of Agriculture planned and operated water for agricultural activities in the Shabelle River. For the Juba River, development was the responsibility of the Ministry of National Planning and Juba Valley Development. Institutional arrangements of water resources management showed fragmentation, without a clear divide between the functions of national and local agencies. With the outbreak of civil war in 1991, much of the water infrastructure in Somalia was destroyed and social services such as health,education, water and sanitation were seriously affected.Being located in an extremely water-scarce area, the environmental, social and economic development of Somalia is to a large extent dependent on improved water security through effective management of water resources.

Khayraadka biyaha gudaha Soomaaliya waa ay kooban yihiin tiro iyo tayo labadaba, taas oo ay weheliso abaar soo noqnoqda iyo daadad sii xumeeya xaaladda ammaanka biyaha ee gudaha dalka. Ka hor bilowgii dagaalka sokeeye ee horraantii1991, hay'adda ugu muhiimsan ee mas'uul ka ah maaraynta khayraadka biyaha gudaha Soomaaliya waxay ahayd Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha iyo Macdanta iyada oo loo marayo Xarunta Biyaha Qaran. Manaafacaadsiga biyo siinta maxalliga waxaa mas'uuliyad ka saarnayd Hay'adda Horumarinta Biyaha (WDA), halka Wasaaradda Beeraha ay qorshayn jirtey oo ka shaqayn jirtey hawlaha biyaha waraabka beeraha ee wabiga Shabeelle. Marka ay noqoto Webiga Jubba, horumarinta waxaa ka mas'uul ahaa Wasaaradda Qorshaynta Qaranka iyo Horumarinta Dooxada Juba. Qabanqaabooyinka hay'adeed ee maareynta khayraadka biyaha waxay muujiyeen kala qoqobnaan, oo aan lahay xad cad oo u dhexeeya hawlaha hay'adaha qaraniyo kuwa maxalliga ah. Markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991-kii, wax badan oo ka mid ah kaabayaasha biyaha waa la burburiyay oo waxaa si xun loo waxyeeleeyey adeegyo bulshadeed oo ka jirey gudaha Soomaaliya sida caafimaadka, waxbarashada, biyaha iyo fayadhowrka. Maadaama Soomaaliya ay ku taal geyi aad u biyo-yar, horumarinta deegaameed, midda bulshadeed iyo dhaqaalaba waxay si baaxad weyn ugu tiirsan tahay ammaan biyo la hagaajiyey oo maareyn khayraad biyood oo wax-ku-ool ah leh.

Developing countries; especially in Africa, face great challenges in data and information management. While it is known that centralised database management is a good practice in the field of research, not many countries have managed to achieve this, even with the growing rate of knowledge of information and communication technology. Somalia faces even greater challenges than these countries due to the prolonged civil war. One and a half decade of the civil war in the country have resulted in loss and damage of most water & land related information collected in the previous half century. This report presents an inventory of the historical hydro-meteorological data that have been accumulated from various sources, and the hydrometeorological data that are currently being collected by SWALIM in collaboration with partner agencies

Soomaaliya waxay dabooshaa geyi ah 637,657 km2 oo dadka ku nool lagu qiyaasay in ay yihiin 7.5 milyan sanadkii 2003. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu badanaa ku dhisan yahay beeraha (beeraha iyo xoolaha, tan dambe ayaa ah halbowlaha ugu weyn). Dhaqaalahu wuxuu si heer sare ah ugu tiirsan yahay helitaan biyood, taas oo iyana markeeda ku xiran roobka. Roobabka Soomaaliya ma aha mid yar oo kaliya, ka hoos 100 mm/sanadkii meelaha qaar, laakiin waxa uu leedahay isbedbedel sare oo xilliile iyo mid masaaxadeed (Lifaaqa 1 ilaa 5). Celceliska roobabka sanadle wuxuu dhexeeyaa 215 mm gudaha gobollada Waqooyi-bari ilaa uu ku dhawaado 550 mm gudaha gobollada Koonfureed iyo Bartamaha (SWALIM, 2007). Isudheelitirka biyaha dalka wuxuu muujinayaa uumibax ka badan roobabka ku daá gudaha dalka oo idil. Waxaa intaas dheer, xaalado kale oo biyo iyo oogo dhul (hydro-physical conditions) oo saamayn xun (tabane) ku leh helitaanka biyo saafi ah waxa ka mid ah xaaluf dhul iyo calwidda oogooyinka biyaha. Xaaladda waxaa sii xumaatay 16 sano oo dagaal sokeeye jirey, gaar ahaan gudaha gobollada koonfureed. Tiro ka mid ah ururada maxaliga iyo kuwa caalamiyeed waxay bilaabeen barnaamijyo dib-u-dhisid, dhawris deegaameed iyo taageerid hab-nololeed rayid. Khubaradadu waxay qiyaasayaan in Soomaaliya ay ka mid tahay 13 dal oo Afrikaan ah oo wajihi doona biyo yaraan sanadka 2025. Dal waxaa la yiraahadaa waa mid biyo yar marka biyaha sannadlaha ee halkii qofkii heli karo ay ka hoosayso 1000 m3. Durba, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay wax ka yar 500 m3/Qofkiiba/sanadkii (UNECA, 2000). Tan waxaa loo tiriyaa roob-di'id goosgoos u qaybsamida xilliile iyo tan masaaxadeed oo xaddiga celceliska sanadle uu u dhexeeya 100 iyo 800 mm, uumibax sare, iyo waxqabadyo aadame oo sii xumeeya nabaad guurka.

As an input to guiding policy decisions on land use planning, this study defi nes the capacity of the study area to support specific land use types. The main land use types considered were rainfed agriculture, extensive grazing (pastoralism) and forestry. Land suitability is presented in the form of tables, maps and narratives for specifi c types of land use defi ned by individual crops, grazing animals or forestry species. This report also gives details of the Somalia Automated Land Evaluation System (SOMALES), which is an application of the FAO Framework for Land Evaluation and Automated Land Evaluation Software (ALES) for Somalia

This report describes physical land suitability for rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, extensive grazing (pastoralism) and forestry in the Juba and Shabelle riverine areas. Land suitability is presented in the form of tables, maps and narratives for specific types of land use defined by individual crops, grazing animals or forestry species. This report also gives details of the Somalia Automated Land Evaluation System (SOMALES), which is an application of the FAO Framework for Land Evaluation and ALES software for Somalia. The report is useful in guiding policy decisions on land use planning.

Si wax biirin u ah go’aanno siyaasad hogaamineedka qorshaynta isticmaalka dhulka, ayaa daraasadan waxay qeexeysaa awooda aagga daraasadda uu ku taageero noocyo isticmaal dhul oo gaar ah. Noocyada isticmaalka dhulka u muhiimsan la eegay waxay ahaayeen beer roobaad, daaq fidsan (xoolo-dhaqasho) iyo kayn. Haboonaanshiyo dhul waxaa lagu soo bandhigay qaab shaxeed, khariidado iyo faalooyin noocyo gaarah ee isticmaal dhul lagu qeexay dalagyo kala gaar ah, xoolo daaqeen ama noocyo dhir kayn. Warbixintan waxay sidoo kale bixinaysaa faahfaahino ku saabsan Hab Qiimayn Dhul oo Automaatik looga dhigay Soomaaliya (Somalia Automated Land Evaluation System (SOMALES )), taas oo ah hirgelin Qaab-hawleed FAO u isticmaasho Qiimayn Dhul iyo ALES software oo Soomaaliya loo diyaariyey. Warbixintan waa wax waxtar leh hogaamin go'aanno siyaasadeed oo ku taxaluqa qorshayn isticmaal dhul.

The conceptual aim of the study is to test and evaluate the applicability of remote sensing tools and products in the assessing pastoral resources. In the study remote sensing in combination with fieldwork were used to assess pastoral resources in two study areas falling within Sanag, Sool, Nugal and Mudug Regions of Puntland in northern Somalia. The key purpose of the study was to test remote sensing techniques as tools for assessing and monitoring pastoral resources.

Ujeedada fikradeed ee daraasadda waa in la tijaabiyo oo la qiimeyn adeegsiga aalado jeedaalin dareeme fog iyo wax soo saar marka la qiimaynayo khayraadka xoolo-daaqeenka. Gudaha daraasadda jeedaalin dareeme fog oo ay ku biirsan tahay hawl duur ayaa la isticmaalay si loo qiimeeyo khayraad xoolo-daaqeen gudah laba goobood oo la darsayey oo ku yaal gudaha Gobollada Sanaag, Sool, Nugaal iyo Mudug ee Puntland gudaha waqooyiga Soomaaliya. Ujeedada daraasadda ugu muhiimsan waxay ahayd in la tijaabiyo farsamooyin Jeedaalin fog oo ah aalado lagu qiimeeyo oo lagula socodo khayraad xoolo-dhaqeen.