In late 1997, southern and central Somalia were hit by unprecedented floods affecting the lives and livelihoods of an estimated one million people. This Evaluation reviews Phase I of the international response to the floods - the Somalia Inter-Agency Flood Response Operation - between November and 3 1st December 1997. The Inter-Agency Flood Response Operation was a complex and expensive logistics operation to distribute emergency assistance to scattered and isolated flood affected populations. It was also a test of the international humanitarian system's capacity to respond to an acute emergency in a country which has been without a government for six years.br Overall, Phase I of the Somalia Inter-Agency Flood Response Operation is evaluated as a success. Humanitarian agencies in Somalia demonstrated their capacity and capability to respond to short term humanitarian needs. While the initial objective of the operation to 'rescue' flood affected populations was not fulfilled, the objectives to ameliorate the immediate humanitarian effects of the floods and avert a nutritional and health crisis in the worst affected areas were, by and large, achieved. The opportunity was taken to apply past lessons learned from working in Somalia, and innovative programming was apparent in several areas. The inter-agency character of the operation was commendable and the level of codment and collaboration that was achieved establishes an important precedent for future humanitarian operations in Somalia. This report seeks to record these achievements, as well as identify areas where the humanitarian system in Somalia could be strengthened.

This CD-ROM contains geographic maps of the horn of Africa prepared by Mr. Achille Dardano - Italian Cartographic Service - in 1925. The maps are property of Ministero delle Colonie, Rome Printed by Ist. Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, Bergamo The files are scanned images of the original hard copy maps. Geographic coordinates of the GeoTiff images are in Geographic Projection, Adindan Datum Mean Solution (Ethiopia and Sudan), Clarke 1880 Reference Ellipsoid The georeferenced images can be read using a Geographic Information System (GIS) package.

The mandate of the preparation mission was to conduct a baseline survey covering socioeconomic, health, and technical aspects. In addition, the mission was to finalise the first and second five programme villages. The focus of the mission was deliberately on remote rural villages of the Bari Region that need water supply services. While the need for water extends beyond the villages visited, the purpose of the field visit was to deepen the understanding of the team In the rural areas so that clusters of villages could be selected as having priority and appropriate activities be planned In hygiene education and cost recovery. The general and specific objectives are mentioned in the Terms of Reference, which can be found in Annex 8.

(Extract from Summary)The report describes the observations and recommendations resulting from a range management consultancy in support of the Soil Erosion Control Project implemented by the NGQ Cooperazione Intemazionale (COOPI) in Borama and Baki Districts, western Somaliland, and funded by the European Community. During the mission, focus was on biological measures to reduce soil erosion, in particular through range management techniques, and rehabilitation of eroded land. Because the first phase of the project ended early May 1997, recommendations aim especially at the proposed second phase. Half of the projectandrsquos target villages were visited and issues related to range, livestock and forests were discussed with community membersrange condition and erosion problems were inspected around the communities and the projectandrsquos and private nurseries were visited as well. Observations and conclusions are described in the report.

This project specifically targets the 7,500 residents of Congo and Hanshonley areas in Jowhar District who are among the considered most vulnerable groups during the acute transitory food insecurity period.br The goal of the project is to restore the vulnerable farming households to productivity thereby improving the accessibility and availability of food in Congo and Hanshon]ey areas.br Among the objectives are: br to contribute in improving household food security and living conditions of 7,500 vulnerable people to minimum acceptable levels through restoration of agricultural infrastructure in Congo and Hanshonley areas in Jowhar District. br To assist 950 farmers in improving and strengthening their traditionally practiced farming methods and management of irrigation canals.br To support the establishment of networking mechanisms for enhancing linkages between and among local authorities, NGOs and local organizations concerned with agricultural programmes to ensure coordinated and unified approach for planning and delivery of agricultural services in the target areas.br

Background UNICEF Somalia proposes to rehabilitate the existing reticulated urban water supply system in Kismayo City, Southern Somalia. The original city water source, the Juba River 32 km north of the city, is unsuitable to Kismayo's current needs due to running costs and the security situation to the north. UNICEF Somalia therefore intends to develop an alternative water source to the west of the city. This water supply will comprise water welts tapping the lower aquifer identified by previous drilling at Laheley approximately 18 km west of the city.br The scope of the current study is to:br 1. identify the extent and hydrogeology of the lower Laheley aquifer br2. recommend four or five borehole sites that would best tap this aquiferbr 3. identify the expected water quality and yield of the aquifer br4. carry out a topographical elevation survey from the recommended borehole sites to the existing Kismayo water reservoirBR 5. prepare a map of the study area indicating the extent of the aquifer the recommended borehole sites and the topographical survey resultsbr 6. submit a report including results, recommendations and maps 4 and 5 are not included in the present report.

In order to guide rehabilitation and development activities in Somalia today, there is need to establish thematic and geographic priorities for addressing sustainable natural resource management and conservation of the Somali natural heritage. This report aims to:br •Identify and describe Somaliaandrsquos terrestrial and marine ecosystems, biodiversity and natural resource characteristics.br •Identify and describe the linkages between Somaliaandrsquos terrestrial and marine natural resources and dependent production systems and problems and opportunities that exist towards sustainable use.br •Present and apply criteria for setting thematic and geographical priorities through which strategic principles can be applied to guide sustainable management of renewable natural resources.br