Wax ka qabashada arrimaha khayraadka dabiiciga waxay u baahan tahay habraac guud oo aqoonsan isku tiirsanaan ka dhexaysa dalabaad tartamaya iyo khayraadka kooban. Waxa la ogaaday in maareyn biyo-rog oo isku dhafan ay tahay aaladda ugu fiican ee lagula tacaalo biyaha iyo khayraadka dabiiciga. Tani waxay sidoo kale gacan ka geysan karilahayd dabargoynta saboolnimada ba'an iyo gaajada (MDG 1) iyada oo loo marayo hagaagin sugnaan cunto (FAO si weyn ayey diirad u saartaa) iyo maareyn deegaameed raandhiis leh (MDG 7). Si ay u suurogasho bilaw geedi-socod maareyn khayraad biyo oo isku dhafan gudaha waqqooyiga Soomaaliya, mashruuca Macluumaadka Maareynta Biyaha iyo Dhulka Soomaaliya (SWALIM) ayaa Midowga Yurub (EU) wuxuu u xilsaaray si ay hirgeliso diiwaangelinta dooxooyinka marin-biyoodka. Tiro-boqolle aad u badan oo dadweynaha Soomaaliya ka mid ah ayaa wuxuu toos ugu tiirsan khayraadka dabiiciga aasaasiga ah oo ay u daboolaan baahiyahooda nolol maalmeed.

Floods regularly cause disasters in Somalia, and in particular along the Juba and Shabelle Rivers in the southern part of the country. The downstream segments of these rivers are marked by an inverse topography, with water courses at some locations on higher elevation than the adjacent land; as a result, the lower parts of the riverine floodplains are highly susceptible to flooding (an attribute widely used in gravity-fed irrigation and deshek farming). Arid and semi-arid land further away from the main river courses also experience flash-flood events. Flood risk management (FRM) has been defined as “a systematic process that produces a range of measures associated with flood hazard mitigation, emergency preparedness, impact response and disaster recovery, and which contributes to the safety of communities and the environment; and at the same time parallels risk management and good management practices”.

Daadadku joogto ay u sababaan masiibooyin gudaha Soomaaliya, gaar ahaan inta ku teedsan Webiyada Juba iyo Shabelle ee qaybta koonfurta dalka. Qeybaha dhocda-hoose ee webiyadan waxaa lagu tilmaamay in qaab-dhiismeedku rogan yahay, oo biyomareennada meelaha qaarkod uu jooggu ka sareeyo dhulka ku hareera yaal; sababtaas awgeed, meelaha hooseeya ee dhulka dhoobeyda webiyada waxay aad ugu nugul yihiin fatahaad (sifo si ballaaran loogu isticmaalo waraabka biyo soo furid iyo beero dhasheeg). Sidoo kale dhul oomane iyo mid bar-oomane ah oo ka fog marinnada ugu waaweyn webiga ayaa iyaguna la kulma dhacdooyin daad butaaco ah. Maareynta khatarta fatahaadda waxa lagu qeexay “hanaan isdabjoog ah oo dhaliya tallaabooyin isdabayaal oo la xiriira yaraynta halista daadka, u diyaargarow xaalad degdegga ah, wax ka qabasho saamayn iyo ka soo kabasho musiibo, taasi oo gacan ka geysata nabadgelyada bulshada iyo deegaanka; oo isla mar ahaantiina ay barbar socoto maarayn khatar iyo farsamooyin maamul wanaag”.

Floods are a common phenomenon in the riverine areas of the Juba and Shabelle River basin. The two rivers exhibit seasonal characteristics in their hydrological regime with high tendency of flooding especially during the Deyr (October to November) rain season. Some of the major flood events in the two basins in the past few decades occurred in the years 1961, 1977, 1981, 1997 and 2006. The floods are mainly caused by high rains experienced on the upper catchments of the two rivers in the Ethiopian highlands. However, the contribution of human activities to the floods is also significant, with the riparian farmers cutting the river banks to allow water flow into their fields during low flows. These illegal activities have increased after collapse of the central government in 1991 and exacerbated by El Nino 1997/98 rains that contributed to further destruction of the irrigation and flood control infrastructure.

Fatahaaddu waa arrin caadi ka ah gudaha dhulka ku hareeraysan dooxada Webiyada Juba iyo Shabeelle. Labada webi waxay muujiyaan astaamo xilliile marka la eegayo qululkooda (their hydrological regime) oo si xoog leh u janjeera fatahid gaar ahaan inta lagu jiro xilli roobaadka Deyrta (Oktoobar ilaa Nofeembar). Qaar ka mid ah dhacdooyinka daadadka waaweyn ee labada dooxo waxay dhaceen dhowr tobnaad sano oo la soo dhaafay 1961, 1977, 1981, 1997 iyo 2006. Fatahaadda webiyada waxaa badanaa sababa roobab badan oo ka da’a biyo-qabadyada sare ee labada webi oo ku yaal gudaha dhulka sare ee Itoobiya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale xoog leh ka qayb qaadashada hawlo aadamaha ee daadadka, iyadoo beeralayda dagan dacaallada webiga ay gebiyada dhirta ka jaraan si ay ugu sahlanaato in biyahu u qulqulaan xagga gudaha beerahooda marka socodka biyuhu yaraadaan. Hawlahaan sharcidarada ah waxay kordheen ka dib markii ay burburtay dawladdii dhexe sanadkii 1991 waxaana sii xumeeyay roobabka El Nino 1997/98 oo ka qeyb qaatay burbur dheeraad ah oo ku dhacay kaabayaasha waraabka iyo xakamaynta fatahaadda.

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee hawsha khariidadayntu waxay ahayd in la qiimeeyo horumarka laga sameeyey waaxda biyaha marka la eego daboolidda adeegyada biyaha iyo kororka tirada ka-faa'iideystayaasha loogu adeegay barnaamijka UNICEF ee ay EC maalgelisay. Warbixinta ayaa qoraysaa natiijooyinka waxqabadyada waqtigii 2005 ilaa 2009 ee uu jirey barnaamijka “Maareynta Kheyraadka Biyaha Isku dhafan iyo Biyaha Miyiga iyo Barnaamijka Fayadhowrka gudaha Soomaaliya” (Integrated Water Resource Management and Rural Water and Sanitation Programme in Somalia). SWALIM waxay fulisay hawsha khariidadaynta oo ay UNICEF codsatay. Wax soosaarada macluumaad ee hawsha waxaa ka mid ah khariidado muujinaya horumar sanadle ah, khariidado goboleed ee waxqabadyo miyi iyo khariidado hab biyogelin ee magaalooyinka waaweyn.

The major objective of the mapping exercise was to evaluate progress made in the water sector in terms of coverage of water services and increase in number of benefi ciaries served through UNICEF’s EC funded programme. The report documents the results of interventions for the period 2005 to 2009 under the programme “Integrated Water Resource Management and Rural Water and Sanitation Programme in Somalia”. SWALIM carried out the mapping exercise at the request of UNICEF. The information products from the exercise include maps showing annual progress, regional maps for rural interventions and water supply system maps for major towns.

The alluvial plains of the two Somali perennial rivers, the Shebelle and Juba Rivers, have been and could be the breadbasket of Somalia. They have considerable potential for irrigation development. The civil war in the last two decades has however taken a severe toll on the institutions and infrastructure necessary to manage the water resources of the two rivers that is the lifeline of Southern Somalia. Flooding is now a frequent problem in the riverine areas and sometimes it takes the proportion of a catastrophic natural disaster, like in the 2006 Deyr rainy season. Natural flood plains have been encroached and the embankments have been cut to divert water during the dry season for irrigation purposes. The barrages and canals that were used to irrigate vast areas are now dysfunctional. Efforts are underway to prepare an integrated flood management plan and also to rehabilitate the irrigation facilities and revive the agricultural sector. These efforts are hampered by lack of knowledge of river basin behaviour in terms of hydrology, hydraulics, sedimentation, etc. and, lack of public institutions responsible for implementing sound river basin management measures.

Banaanada dhoobeyda labada Webi ee joogtada u qulqula Soomaaliya, Webiyada Shabeelle iyo Juba, waxay ahaayeen oo ay noqon karaan dambiisha-kibista Soomaaliya. Waxay leeyihiin fursad horumarin waraab oo waaweyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee dagaalkii sokeeye ee labaatameeyada sano ee la soo dhaafay wuxuu burbur ba’an u geystay hay'ado iyo kaabayaal lagama maarmaan ah si loo maareeyo khayraadka biyaha labada webi taas oo ah waa tubta nolosha ee Koonfurta Soomaaliya. Hadda fatahaaddu waa dhibaato ku soo noqnoqota gudaha dhulka webiyada oo mararka qaar gaarta xaddi musiibo dabiici ah, sida xilli roobaadkii Deyrta ee 2006. Bannaano dhoobey dabiiciyeed ah ayaa loo soo gudbay oo gabiyada webiga ayaa la gooyay si biyo loogu leexsado iyadoo loola jeedo waraab xilliga engegan. Biyoxireennada iyo kanaalada ayaa loo isticmaalayey in loogu waraabiyo bed dhul ballaaran oo aan hadda lagu shaqeynin. Dadaallo ayaa socda si loo diyaariyo qorshe maareyn fatahaad oo isku dhafan iyo sidoo kale in la dib loo hagaajiyo kaabayaasha waraabka oo in la soo nooleeyo waaxda beeraha. Dadaaladan waxaa hakiyey aqoon la'aan ah xagga dabeecadda dooxada webiga marka la eego xaalka Hydrology, hydraulics, carro-degid, iwm iyo, jiritaan la'aanta hay'ado dawladeed oo ka mas'uul ah hirgelinta tallaabooyin maareyn habboon ee dooxada webiga.

Warbixintan waxaa war guudmar ka bixinaysaa khayraadka dhulka ee dalka oo idil. Waxaa si weyn diiradda loo saaray awoodda beereed ee dalka hadana waxaa la xusay iyadoo loo maray calaamadinta iyo sharaxidda goobo beero-deegaan daaq. Waxaa laga helayaa qiimayn oogo ahaaneed ee haboonaanshiyo dhul ee labada goobood ee u muhiimsan oo ay SWALIM daraaseysay oo ku yaal galbeedka Somaliland iyo koonfurta Soomaaliya, siday u kala horreeyaan. Waxaa intaa dheer in la helayo warbixin kooban oo cilmi-baaris oo lagu sameeyey goob la darsay oo gudaha Puntland ku taal, oo ku taxaluqda suurogalnimada isticmaalidda farsamooyin jeedaalin dareeme fog si loogu adeegsado qiimaynta khayraadyo xoolo-dhaaqeen iyadoo laga warramayo qaar ka mid ah natiijooyinka daraasad lagu sameeyey qiimeynta xaalufa dhulka galbeedka deegaanka Somaliland.