The Juba and Shabelle river basins have been, and could again be, the breadbasket of Somalia. They have considerable potential for irrigation development, and several irrigation schemes have been developed on these two major river basins to provide sustainable food security and alleviate poverty in the country. However, due to 16 years of civil insecurity and unrest the majority of these schemes have collapsed. Based on the conclusions and recommendations of the and rdquoBanana Sector Study and rdquoprepared by the European Commission (EC, 2002), the European Commission has moved to restore some irrigation facilities, and rehabilitate and maintain former irrigated plantations and irrigation schemes.

The Juba and Shabelle river basins have been, and could again be, the breadbasket of Somalia. They have considerable potential for irrigation development, and several irrigation schemes have been developed on these two major river basins to provide sustainable food security and alleviate poverty in the country. However, due to 16 years of civil insecurity and unrest the majority of these schemes have collapsed.

Developing countries; especially in Africa, face great challenges in data and information management. While it is known that centralised database management is a good practice in the field of research, not many countries have managed to achieve this, even with the growing rate of knowledge of information and communication technology. Somalia faces even greater challenges than these countries due to the prolonged civil war. One and a half decade of the civil war in the country have resulted in loss and damage of most water & land related information collected in the previous half century. This report presents an inventory of the historical hydro-meteorological data that have been accumulated from various sources, and the hydrometeorological data that are currently being collected by SWALIM in collaboration with partner agencies

Soomaaliya waxay dabooshaa geyi ah 637,657 km2 oo dadka ku nool lagu qiyaasay in ay yihiin 7.5 milyan sanadkii 2003. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu badanaa ku dhisan yahay beeraha (beeraha iyo xoolaha, tan dambe ayaa ah halbowlaha ugu weyn). Dhaqaalahu wuxuu si heer sare ah ugu tiirsan yahay helitaan biyood, taas oo iyana markeeda ku xiran roobka. Roobabka Soomaaliya ma aha mid yar oo kaliya, ka hoos 100 mm/sanadkii meelaha qaar, laakiin waxa uu leedahay isbedbedel sare oo xilliile iyo mid masaaxadeed (Lifaaqa 1 ilaa 5). Celceliska roobabka sanadle wuxuu dhexeeyaa 215 mm gudaha gobollada Waqooyi-bari ilaa uu ku dhawaado 550 mm gudaha gobollada Koonfureed iyo Bartamaha (SWALIM, 2007). Isudheelitirka biyaha dalka wuxuu muujinayaa uumibax ka badan roobabka ku daá gudaha dalka oo idil. Waxaa intaas dheer, xaalado kale oo biyo iyo oogo dhul (hydro-physical conditions) oo saamayn xun (tabane) ku leh helitaanka biyo saafi ah waxa ka mid ah xaaluf dhul iyo calwidda oogooyinka biyaha. Xaaladda waxaa sii xumaatay 16 sano oo dagaal sokeeye jirey, gaar ahaan gudaha gobollada koonfureed. Tiro ka mid ah ururada maxaliga iyo kuwa caalamiyeed waxay bilaabeen barnaamijyo dib-u-dhisid, dhawris deegaameed iyo taageerid hab-nololeed rayid. Khubaradadu waxay qiyaasayaan in Soomaaliya ay ka mid tahay 13 dal oo Afrikaan ah oo wajihi doona biyo yaraan sanadka 2025. Dal waxaa la yiraahadaa waa mid biyo yar marka biyaha sannadlaha ee halkii qofkii heli karo ay ka hoosayso 1000 m3. Durba, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay wax ka yar 500 m3/Qofkiiba/sanadkii (UNECA, 2000). Tan waxaa loo tiriyaa roob-di'id goosgoos u qaybsamida xilliile iyo tan masaaxadeed oo xaddiga celceliska sanadle uu u dhexeeya 100 iyo 800 mm, uumibax sare, iyo waxqabadyo aadame oo sii xumeeya nabaad guurka.

Dalalka soo koraya; gaar ahaan Afrika, waxay wajahayaan caqabado waaweyn oo ka haysta maaraynta xogta iyo macluumaadka. Halka sida la og yahay in meeldhexe ka maareynta xogta gundhig ah ay dhaqan wanaagsan tahay markii ay arrin cilmi-baaris tahay, dalal aan badnayn ma maareyn inay ka guulgaaraan arritaan, inkasta oo uu kordhayo xaddiga aqoonta macluumaadka iyo farsamada isgaarsiinta. Soomaaliya waxay weliba wajahaysaa caqabado ka waaweyn kuwa dalalkaan iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay dagaalka sokeeye ee daba dheeraaday. Hal iyo bar tobanaad sano oo dagaalka sokeeye ka jirey gudaha dalka wuxuu u keenay khasaare iyo dhaawac wax badan oo la xiriira macluumaad biyo & dhulka oo nus qarnigii hore la ururiyay. Warbixintani waxay soo bandhigaysaa diiwaangelin xog taariikheed cilmiyeed biyo-hawo-saadaalin (hydro-meteorological) taasoo laga ururiyay ilo kala duwan, iyo xogta hydrometeorological-ka hadda ay uruurinayso SWALIM iyadoo kaashanaysa hay'ado la hawlgala.

Developing countriesespecially in Africa, face great challenges in data and information management. While it is known that centralised database management is a good practice in the field of research, not many countries have managed to achieve this, even with the growing rate of knowledge of information and communication technology. Somalia faces even greater challenges than these countries due to the prolonged civil war. One and a half decade of the civil war in the country have resulted in loss and damage of most water and land related information collected in the previous half century. On the other hand, great numbers of agencies are working in Somalia with different objectives and activities, which have led to disintegration of information. Having realised this, land and water data management and exchange have become important components within the SWALIM project. SWALIM is trying to recover lost information from different sources all over the world and at the same time re-establish data collection networks in collaboration with partner agencies. One area of interest is information and data on hydro-meteorology. A lot of resources and efforts have been put into place by SWALIM in an effort to recover these lost data.

Inkastoo beeraha waraabka ay ahaayeen isha-nolosha dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya ka hor bilowga dagaalka sokeeye ee 1990, wax badan oo macluumaadkii hababka waraabka oo dagaal hortii jirey ayaa lumay oo wax yar ayaa la og yahay xaaladdooda hadda ah. Warbixintani waxay muujinaysaa natiijooyinka ka soo baxay qiimayn ay SWALIM fulisay si loo ogaado xaaladda mashaariicda waraabka dhexdhexaad ilaa waaweynka ah oo ka jira gudaha Koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo kaabayaashooda waraabka. Waxaa la fuliyay dib-u- eegis qoraallo dhammeystiran, wareysiyo dad muhiim ah oo lala xiriiray iyo falanqayn ballaaran oo ah xog jeedaalin dareeme fog si loo gaaro natiijooyinka qiimaynta. Waxaa la soo saaray macluumaad gundhig ah oo ku saabsan biyoxireennada, habab kanaal iyo mashaariic waraab dabaded waxaa la dhisay xog-gundhig GIS ah ee kaabayaasha waraabka. Waxaa la ogaaday qiyaas 5000 km oo kanaalo ah markii barbardhig loola sameeyey masawirro dayax-gacmeed. Waxaa la aqoonsaday xuduudaha iyo xaaladda 34 mashaariic waraab oo dhexdhexaad ilaa waaweyn ah. Xogta si fiican ayaa loo habeeyay oo waxaa la heli karaa markii loo isticmaalo desktop GIS software ama software web ku salaysan oo Geonetwork ah. Natiijooyinka soo baxay, oo ay weheliyaan talooyin, ayaa waxaa la filayaa in ay aasaas u noqdaan dadaallada dayactirka kaabayaasha ee bulshada deeqbixiyaha.

Warbixintu waa gunaanad SWALIM ee qiimayno biyood iyo warbixinno, lagu kaabay falanqayn tirakoob faahfaahsan oo ah kala duwanaanshiyo xilliile iyo midka masaaxadeed ee khayraadka biyood ee dusha iyo dhul-hoose laga heli karo, iyo isticmaalladooda hadda iyo ka suurogali kara. Qiimayntu waxay ku salaysan tahay is dhexgelinta xogta biyo-jawi saadaaleed iyo abuur-oogoo dhuleed (hydrometeorological iyo physiographic data) oo ay soo ururiyeen oo falanqeeyeen SWALIM iyo hay'ado hawl-la-wadaag ah. Qiimeyntu waxay ka warramaysaa khayraadka biyaha ugu muhiimsan gudaha dalka, waxay cadaynaysaa baahiyo khayraad biyo gaar ah iyo fursado, waxay qoraysaa hawlo horumarin khayraad biyood oo weli-soconaya iyo kuwo la qorsheeyay; waxay soo jeedinasaa habab-raacyo suurtogal ah ee horumarin khayraad biyood oo muddo gaaban iyo mid dheer oo heer dhexdhexaad - iyo mid baaxad weyn ah isugu jira. Warbixinta waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu taageero maareynta khayraadyo biyo oo isku dhafan ee gudaha Soomaaliya, oo ku saleysan isku dubaridid la xiriirta horumarin iyo maarayn khayraad biyood iyo dhul.

The report is a synthesis of SWALIM water assessments and reports, supplemented by detailed statistical analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of the available surface and groundwater resources, and their existing and potential uses. The assessment is based on the integration of hydrometeorological and physiographic data collected and analysed by SWALIM and partner agencies. The assessment describes the existing major water resources in the country, identifies special water resources needs and opportunities, documents ongoing and planned water resources development activities; it suggests practicable approaches to short and long-term water resources development at mezzo-and macro scale. The report is intended to support integrated water resources management in Somalia, based on coordinated development and management of water and land related resources.

Somalia covers an area of 637,657 km2 with the population in 2003 estimated at 7.5 million inhabitants. Somalia economy is predominantly agricultural (crops and livestock, the latter being a major mainstay). The economy depends highly on water availability, which in turn is reliant on rainfall. Rainfall in Somalia is not only low, below 100 mm per year in some areas, but has a high temporal and spatial variability (annexes 1 to 5). The annual average rainfall ranges from 215 mm in the North-eastern regions to approximate 550 mm in the South-Central regions (SWALIM, 2007). The water balance for the country depicts potential evapotranspiration greater than rainfall in the entire country. In addition, other hydro-physical conditions that negatively impact on the availability of freshwater include land degradation and siltation of water bodies. The situation has been compounded by 16 years of civil strife, especially in the southern regions. A number of local and international organizations have initiated civil reconstruction, environmental conservation and livelihood-support programmes. Experts estimate that Somalia is among the 13 African countries that will face water scarcity by 2025. A country is said to be water scarce when its annual per capita water availability falls below 1000 m3. Already, Somalia has less than 500 m3/per capita/year (UNECA, 2000). This is attributed to erratic spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall with average annual amounts falling between 100 and 800 mm, high evaporation, and human activities that exacerbate land degradation.