This thesis has relevance to any water and/or environment initiatives in both the Somaliland region and the Sahel. It aims to answer the desire among growing numbers of water managers and environmentalists to bring a more lateral approach to the water management debate globally. This thesis explores the general inter-relation between hydrological and man-oriented processes, in relation to current models for water resource development and natural resource management in Somaliland. Extensive reference is drawn to studies published elsewhere in the Sahel. The Sahel and Somaliland are introduced, along with definitions of drought and land degradation. An understanding of paradigms in development co-operation and sustainable development are shown, through a review of the evolution of guiding principles of water resource development in developing countries, and a statement of their usefulness in water scarce developing countries. The EU guidelines for strategic water resource development are reviewed amongst others.
The need for a comprehensive database of the existing water resources and sources can not be over emphasized as the country embarks on the rehabilitation of the destroyed water sources, and the development of new ones. With the increasing demand for permanent water source both for human and livestock consumption, due to increase in the population, it has become necessary to take stock of the available water resources and funds available for development and prioritize intervention strategies taking into consideration the current demand and needs. With the support of UNICEF, working in collaboration with other International Agencies in the water sector, the MOWMR initiated an inventory of all permanent water sources within Somaliland. The survey was conducted from 29th June to 25th July 1999. All the 6 regions of Somaliland namelyAwdal, Galbeed, Sahil, Togdheer, Sool and Saanag were covered in the survey. All known borewells, both functional and non-functional were surveyed. Dugwells within the vicinity of the borewells, potential perennial springs, piped water systems and berkerds within the vicinity of the permanent water sources were also taken into account during the survey. Water quality analyses from selected water sources in areas with high pollution risks were carried out. The study teams also examined the prevailing sanitary conditions around the water sources.
The Aim of the project is to cover all vascular plants known to occur in Somalia, and establish a foundation for all future plant related work in the country. This Second volume covers 32 families with a total of 416 species of which 42 have been described as new within the project. Three species, which are additional to the previously published volumes 1 and 4 are also included in the appendix
(Extracts from introduction notes)Corresponding to selected steps of the SLM-IM procedure, the Toolkit Module contains a selection of practical and cost-effective methods, criteria, models, frameworks and examples. These were developed - and partly published - by various authors and institutions. For each tool, the Guidelines gives a brief introduction and - whenever possible depending on the source of the tool - specifies potentials, limitations, advantages, disadvantages, and required inputs and investments. In addition, users are provided with a reference source and/or address in case they need more detailed information to apply a tool.
Earth Water Ltd was commissioned by Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) Somalia to Carry out pre-feasibility geophysical and hydro geological investigations to determine the presence of an aquifer in the surroundings of Garowe town in the Nugal region of the Puntland State of North Eastern Somalia. The investigations were executed in a multi-step approach: I) Desk study 2) Field reconnaissance study 3) Data acquisition 4) Data analysis and reporting The Client requires detailed information on the availability of groundwater resources to be used for the development of a central water supply for Garowe town. The projected water demand for domestic consumption is in the order of 800 m3 /day. The objective of the present study is to assess the available groundwater, to recommend the best possible sites for further detailed investigations to develop a centralized weilfield for drilling of several boreholes, the required depth, expected yield and water quality. For this purpose all the available hydro geological information of the area has been analyzed and a geophysical survey carried out.
In late 1997, southern and central Somalia were hit by unprecedented floods affecting the lives and livelihoods of an estimated one million people. This Evaluation reviews Phase I of the international response to the floods - the Somalia Inter-Agency Flood Response Operation - between November and 3 1st December 1997. The Inter-Agency Flood Response Operation was a complex and expensive logistics operation to distribute emergency assistance to scattered and isolated flood affected populations. It was also a test of the international humanitarian system's capacity to respond to an acute emergency in a country which has been without a government for six years.br Overall, Phase I of the Somalia Inter-Agency Flood Response Operation is evaluated as a success. Humanitarian agencies in Somalia demonstrated their capacity and capability to respond to short term humanitarian needs. While the initial objective of the operation to 'rescue' flood affected populations was not fulfilled, the objectives to ameliorate the immediate humanitarian effects of the floods and avert a nutritional and health crisis in the worst affected areas were, by and large, achieved. The opportunity was taken to apply past lessons learned from working in Somalia, and innovative programming was apparent in several areas. The inter-agency character of the operation was commendable and the level of codment and collaboration that was achieved establishes an important precedent for future humanitarian operations in Somalia. This report seeks to record these achievements, as well as identify areas where the humanitarian system in Somalia could be strengthened.
All terms defined and explained in the glossary are included in an alphabetical list. An index helps to find a particular term easily and gives an overview of the terms included. Very often descriptive text, related terms, synonyms and antonyms are given in addition to the proper definition to help the reader to understand the term in its context and practical use. Sources have been specified for all the definitions or different parts of a definition and the descriptive text. The definition given is the one preferred and commonly used by FAO. Whenever useful or necessary, a general or basic definition has been added to a term which is defined for the purpose of integrated resource planning and management or related subjects. Where no agreement has been yet reached or definitions vary significantly from each other, more than one definition has been listed.