As one of its objectives for intervention in the development of Puntland, 0GB wants to enhance peace and stability through increasing self-reliance in water supply among the various communities. The overall objective of the project is therefore to contribute to the process of social rehabilitation and strengthening the communityandrsquos ability to manage their own affairs in terms of ensuring sufficient availability of water and better sanitary conditions. The proposed project will enable communities in the selected project areas to have access to increased quantity of hygienically acceptable water. This project, as a water and sanitation intervention therefore, is planned to address the water and sanitation problems in the intervention areas by: • Extending the duration for which water will be available in the villages by increasing the water holding/maintaining (storing) capacity of existing berkads and by helping the community to construct new ones where appropriate.br • Increasing the awareness of the community about the need for consideration of sanitation issues and integrating sanitation activities in all water related activities, andbr • In close co-operation with other agencies (like Afnica-70) involved in sanitation activities, intensively engaging the (urban) communities in sanitation awareness activities and assisting the local authorities to take up the matter in a sustainable manner.

This report presents the results of water resources assessment. water supply planning and rehabilitation surveys in Gedo Regon of Somalia carried out by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Somalia Delegation. The assessment was carried out in January to February 2002, and included hydrogeology and geophysical investigations for shallow wells, rain water catchments and boreholes at selected villages within the Region. Furthermore, it included the physical evaluation of the existing water supply facilities throughout the selected villages in the Gedo Region to assess the rehabilitation and improvement requirements to upgrade water delivery to the communities

(Extract from the Executive Summary) Appropriate water resource development is an important component in ensuring sustainable livelihoods in Mandera District. In order to support planning activities within the water sector, Oxfam Quebec commissioned Rural Focus Ltd. to undertake a water source assessment and mapping assignment in Mandera District. The main objective of the assignment was to establish a GIS based database of water sources and related socio-economic data for Mandera District. A subsequent phase of the exercise was to use the GIS to develop a strategic plan for rehabilitation and management of existing water sources. A team consisting of members of the Pastoral Resource Team (PRT) of Mandera District and Oxfam Quebec assisted m the identification of the types of sources and information required. Data capture forms were developed and two teams covered Mandera District visiting in total 769 water sources. Relevant data for each source, covering the geo-referenced position, capacity, operational status, management system, demand etc. were obtained and entered into a Geographical Information System - (GIS)

This thesis has been carried out with the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, who are in the process of developing a GIS-based andNo.8220Land and Water Information System for SomaliaandNo.8221. It is hoped that this thesis will provide some contribution to their work.br Water resources in Somalia must be understood in the most detail, and in the most practical manner, by the Somalis themselves. However, there has been only limited formal characterisation of those water resources, and as a result, this thesis is designed in part to provide a comprehensive overview of the surface water resources of Somalia, particularly the south of the country. This includes analysis of the basic characteristics of both rainfall and stream flowbr The focus of the thesis is on drought, which is an inescapable problem in a climate such as that of Somalia. Various aspects of drought must be considered, and further objectives could thus be outlined as follows:br andNo.8226To consider the problem of drought definition, and put this in the context of water availability in Southern Somaliabr andNo.8226To investigate the techniques available for drought analysis and apply these to Somaliabr andNo.8226To understand the influences on climatological and hydrological variability in Somalia, and thus the factors contributing to droughtbr Characteristics of rainfall and runoff will be considered independently. Similar techniques will be used for both, although some differences exist since rainfall is an intermittent process while the rivers in question are permanent. Analyses of the two water sources will then be compared in order to provide a more complete description.br

The report describes work carried out for FAO Somalia by UK center for ecology and hydrology as part of the emergency project OSRO/SOM/103/ITA and rdquoEstablishment of a water and land information management system fo Somalia to support relief and rehabilitation interventions for flood and irrigation and rdquobetween february and May 2002