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GAROWE-first steps towards strategic urban planning
First steps towards strategic urban planning
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United Nations Human Settlements Programme
Guide for preparation of flood risk
the guide has been prepared for the European Investment Bank to provide advice on fluvial flood risk management that addresses planning
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HR Wallingford
status of medium to large irrigation schemes in southern somalia
The Juba and Shabelle river basins have been, and could again be, the breadbasket of Somalia. They have considerable potential for irrigation development, and several irrigation schemes have been developed on these two major river basins to provide sustainable food security and alleviate poverty in the country. However, due to 16 years of civil insecurity and unrest the majority of these schemes have collapsed. Based on the conclusions and recommendations of the and rdquoBanana Sector Study and rdquoprepared by the European Commission (EC, 2002), the European Commission has moved to restore some irrigation facilities, and rehabilitate and maintain former irrigated plantations and irrigation schemes.
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status of medium to large irrigation schemes in southern somalia
The Juba and Shabelle river basins have been, and could again be, the breadbasket of Somalia. They have considerable potential for irrigation development, and several irrigation schemes have been developed on these two major river basins to provide sustainable food security and alleviate poverty in the country. However, due to 16 years of civil insecurity and unrest the majority of these schemes have collapsed.
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W-01 Climate of Somalia
Somalia generally has an arid to semi-arid climate. Rainfall is the defining characteristic of the climate and has a great spatial and temporal variability. The climate of Somalia is determined by the north and south movement of the inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In most areas of Somalia this results in two rainfall seasons - the Gu as the zone passes northwards and the Deyr as it moves south. In both cases, rain is produced from the moist air derived from the Indian Ocean, in the southerly air stream. The north-easterly winds, emanating from Asia and Arabia, produce little significant rain. It is generally considered that rainfall is the most important meteorological element affecting life in Somalia. In particular, variation from season to season, and variations within the season are what determine the successes of agricultural activities.
Publication Type:
Technical report
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Author:
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Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
W-05 Status of Medium to Large Irrigation Schemes in Southern Somalia
Although irrigated agriculture was the life-line of the Somali economy before the start of civil strife in 1990, much of the information on the pre-war irrigation systems is lost and little is known about their present status. This report documents the findings of an assessment carried out by SWALIM to determine the status of medium to large irrigation schemes in Southern Somalia and their irrigation infrastructure. Comprehensive literature review, key contact interviews and extensive remotely sensed data analyses were carried out to arrive at the assessment results. Baseline information on the water barrages, canal systems and the irrigation schemes was generated and a GIS irrigation infrastructure database was constructed. About 5,000 km of canals were identifi ed and compared with satellite images. The boundaries and the status of 34 medium to large irrigation schemes were identifi ed. The data is well structured and accessible through desktop GIS software or through the web based Geonetwork software. The results obtained, together with the recommendations, are expected to form the basis for the infrastructure rehabilitation efforts by the donor community.
Publication Type:
Technical report
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SWALIM
W-08 Rural water supply assessment
Water resources in Somalia are limited both in quantity and quality, with frequent droughts and floods further worsening the water security situation in the country.
Before the onset of civil war in early 1991, the main institution in charge of water resources management in Somalia was the Ministry of Water and Mineral Resources (MWMR) through the National Water Centre (NWC). Exploitation of domestic water supplies was the responsibility of the Water Development Agency (WDA), while the ministry of Agriculture planned and operated water for agricultural activities in the Shabelle River. For the Juba River, development was the responsibility of the Ministry of National Planning and Juba Valley Development. Institutional arrangements of water resources management showed fragmentation, without a clear divide between the functions of national and local agencies. With the outbreak of civil war in 1991, much of the water infrastructure in Somalia was destroyed and social services such as health,education, water and sanitation were seriously affected.Being located in an extremely water-scarce area, the environmental, social and economic
development of Somalia is to a large extent dependent on improved water security through effective management of water resources.
Publication Type:
Technical report
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Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
Inventory of Hydro -Meteorological Data of Somalia
Developing countriesespecially in Africa, face great challenges in data and information management. While it is known that centralised database management is a good practice in the field of research, not many countries have managed to achieve this, even with the growing rate of knowledge of information and communication technology. Somalia faces even greater challenges than these countries due to the prolonged civil war. One and a half decade of the civil war in the country have resulted in loss and damage of most water and land related information collected in the previous half century. On the other hand, great numbers of agencies are working in Somalia with different objectives and activities, which have led to disintegration of information. Having realised this, land and water data management and exchange have become important components within the SWALIM project. SWALIM is trying to recover lost information from different sources all over the world and at the same time re-establish data collection networks in collaboration with partner agencies. One area of interest is information and data on hydro-meteorology. A lot of resources and efforts have been put into place by SWALIM in an effort to recover these lost data.
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Other
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Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
W-03 Inventory of Hydro-Meteorological Data of Somalia
Developing countries; especially in Africa, face great challenges in data and information management. While it is known that centralised database management is a good practice in the field of research, not many countries have managed to achieve this, even with the growing rate of knowledge of information and communication technology. Somalia faces even greater challenges than these countries due to the prolonged civil war. One and a half decade of the civil war in the country have resulted in loss and damage of most water & land related information collected in the previous half century.
This report presents an inventory of the historical hydro-meteorological data that have been
accumulated from various sources, and the hydrometeorological data that are currently
being collected by SWALIM in collaboration with partner agencies
Publication Type:
Technical report
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Author:
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Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
W-11 - Water resources of Somalia
The report is a synthesis of SWALIM water assessments and reports, supplemented by detailed statistical analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of the available surface and groundwater resources, and their existing and potential uses. The assessment is based on the integration of hydrometeorological and physiographic data collected and analysed by SWALIM and partner agencies. The assessment describes the existing major water resources in the country, identifies special water resources needs and opportunities, documents ongoing and planned water resources development activities; it suggests practicable approaches to short and long-term water resources development at mezzo-and macro scale. The report is intended to support integrated water resources management in Somalia, based on coordinated development and management of water and land related resources.
Publication Type:
Technical report
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Author:
Corporate Author:
Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
W-09 - potential of rainwater harvesting in somalia
Somalia covers an area of 637,657 km2 with the population in 2003 estimated at 7.5 million inhabitants. Somalia economy is predominantly agricultural (crops and livestock, the latter being a major mainstay). The economy depends highly on water availability, which in turn is reliant on rainfall. Rainfall in Somalia is not only low, below 100 mm per year in some areas, but has a high temporal and spatial variability (annexes 1 to 5). The annual average rainfall ranges from 215 mm in the North-eastern regions to approximate 550 mm in the South-Central regions (SWALIM, 2007). The water balance for the country depicts potential evapotranspiration greater than rainfall in the entire country. In addition, other hydro-physical conditions that negatively impact on the availability of freshwater include land degradation and siltation of water bodies. The situation has been compounded by 16 years of civil strife, especially in the southern regions. A number of local and international organizations have initiated civil reconstruction, environmental conservation and livelihood-support programmes. Experts estimate that Somalia is among the 13 African countries that will face water scarcity by 2025. A country is said to be water scarce when its annual per capita water availability falls below 1000 m3. Already, Somalia has less than 500 m3/per capita/year (UNECA, 2000). This is attributed to erratic spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall with average annual amounts falling between 100 and 800 mm, high evaporation, and human activities that exacerbate land degradation.
Publication Type:
Technical report
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
L-09 Land Suitability Assessment of the Juba and Shabelle
This report describes physical land suitability for rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, extensive grazing (pastoralism) and forestry in the Juba and Shabelle riverine areas. Land suitability is presented in the form of tables, maps and narratives for specific types of land use defined by individual crops, grazing animals or forestry species. This report also gives details of the Somalia Automated Land Evaluation System (SOMALES), which is an application of the FAO Framework for Land Evaluation and ALES software for Somalia. The report is useful in guiding policy decisions on land use planning.
Publication Type:
Technical report
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
SWALIM
L-11 Application of Remote Sensing Techniques for the Assessment of Pastoral Resources in Puntland, Somalia
The conceptual aim of the study is to test and evaluate the applicability of remote sensing tools and products in the assessing pastoral resources. In the study remote sensing in combination with fieldwork were used to assess pastoral resources in two study areas falling within Sanag, Sool, Nugal and Mudug Regions of Puntland in northern Somalia. The key purpose of the
study was to test remote sensing techniques as tools for assessing and monitoring pastoral resources.
Publication Type:
Technical report
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
L-10 Land Degradation Assessment of a Selected Study Area in Somaliland
As a useful guide for conservation efforts in land resources management in Somaliland, this report describes the prevalent types of land degradation, their causes and impacts. This comprehensive study involved two levels of assessment. One covering the whole area using the LADA-WOCAT expert assessment method and the other focusing on a local area and using a combination of methods i.e LADA-WOCAT expert assessment, time-series (1982 to 2008) analysis of satellite images, and analysis of historical soil properties data. The most common land degradation types identifi ed include loss of vegetation, soil erosion, and decline in soil nutrient.
Publication Type:
Technical report
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
SWALIM
L-06 Land Suitability of a Selected Study Area in Somaliland
As an input to guiding policy decisions on land use planning, this study defi nes the capacity of the study area to support specific land use types. The main land use types considered were rainfed agriculture, extensive grazing (pastoralism) and forestry. Land suitability is presented in the form of tables, maps and narratives for specifi c types of land use defi ned by individual crops, grazing animals or forestry species. This report also gives details of the Somalia Automated Land Evaluation System (SOMALES), which is an application of the FAO Framework for Land Evaluation and Automated Land Evaluation Software (ALES) for Somalia
Publication Type:
Technical report
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
SWALIM
Publication Type:
Conference Proceedings
Publication Date:
Author:
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Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
W-10 Improving Flood Forecasting and Early Warning in Somalia
Somalia experiences severe fl ooding in the riverine areas of the Juba and Shabelle. Increased severity and frequency of these floods have in turn led to increased economic damage and human casualties whenever these fl oods occur. This report presents technical options for the development of fl ood forecasting and early warning systems in Somalia. It is the outcome of an assessment carried out by SWALIM and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) on the Juba and Shabelle rivers for river fl ow forecasting and an assessment of Garowe and Hargeisa towns for fl ash fl ood alert systems.
Publication Type:
Technical report
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Author:
Corporate Author:
SWALIM
Publication Type:
Other
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L-07 Land Use Characterization of the Juba and Shabelle
Land use types in the Juba and Shabelle riverline areas were identifi ed through land cover analysis, interviews with land users and the use of past and current satellite images. The report also shows the characterisation of different land use present in the Juba and Shabelle riverine areas. Land-use classes in the study area were determined through land cover analysis, semi-structured interviews and interpretation of satellite imagery, and are described with their specifi c attributes. Users will obtain a detailed overview of land use activities in the study area.
Publication Type:
Technical report
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
SWALIM
L-03 Land Cover of Selected Study Areas in Somaliland and Southern Somalia - Report No L-03
For this study, land cover classes were created using the Land Cover Classifi cation System (LCSS) of FAO, satellite image interpretation, and fi eld validation. A description of the main land cover types and vegetation units and their locations are given in detail for the two study areas – one in Somaliland and the other in Southern Somalia. The landcover maps developed from this study will be useful in the generation of land use maps and during land suitability analaysis. The report is a valuable resource in natural resources management.
Publication Type:
Technical report
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
SWALIM
Land Use Characterisation of a Selected Study Areas in Somaliland - Report No L-04
The objective of this study was to characterise and map current land use in the Dur-Dur and Gebiley area of Somaliland. Land-use types were identifi ed through interpretation of land cover data, semistructured interviews and satellite image interpretation for a total area 12 939 km2. This information can be used to assist in making wise choices about land use, determining where best to locate new settlements, cropping, drainage, irrigation, where and when to apply new technologies and to respond to many other questions about management, use and conservation of the natural environment
Publication Type:
Technical report
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
SWALIM
Natures Benefits in Kenya An Atlas of Ecosystems and Human Well-Being
Natureandrsquos Benefits in Kenya is an Atlas of Ecosystems and Human Well-Being represents a step forward in the analysis of poverty in Kenya and its relation to the natural environment. It is the result of a partnership of national and international organizations, some of which were involved in preparing the first high-resolution poverty maps of Kenya. This publication springs from an effort among these partners to overlay the newly created poverty maps with environmental resource maps based on surveys and remote sensing data. The intent is to show the location and status of key environmental resources that are likely to have significant links with poverty. In creating this report, we worked with several purposes and audiences in mind.
Publication Type:
Other
Publication Date:
Author:
Corporate Author:
World Resources Institute,Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (Government of Kenya),International Livestock Research Institute,Central Bureau of Statistics (Government of Kenya)
L-04 land use characterisation of a selected study area in Somaliland
There is a growing concern over the degradation of natural and agro-ecosystems.In this case, land use studies form the basis for analysis of the causes leading to degradation of agro-ecosystem outputs, or deterioration of a natural ecosystem.This study combines the scientific research techniques of GIS and remote sensing as mapping tools, accompanied by ground observations involving site-specific semi structured interviews with local people familiar with the area and contact with local organizations.
The information generated can be used to assist in making wise choices about land use, determining where best to locate new settlements, cropping, drainage, irrigation, where and when to apply new technologies, to explain spatial and temporal variations in output, and to respond to many other questions about management, use and conservation of the natural
environment
Publication Type:
Technical report
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Author:
Corporate Author:
Land Resources of Somalia
The purpose of the present report is two-fold: (1)To summarize and consolidate the main findings of the various land resource surveys and studies carried out in the three study areas and (2) to give a generalized assessment of the land resources of the whole country, based on both existing data (notably on climatic and soils) and on recent SWALIM data.
Publication Type:
Other
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Author:
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Somalia Water and Land Information Management, Nairobi (Kenya)
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