Although irrigated agriculture was the life-line of the Somali economy before the start of civil strife in 1990, much of the information on the pre-war irrigation systems is lost and little is known about their present status. This report documents the findings of an assessment carried out by SWALIM to determine the status of medium to large irrigation schemes in Southern Somalia and their irrigation infrastructure. Comprehensive literature review, key contact interviews and extensive remotely sensed data analyses were carried out to arrive at the assessment results. Baseline information on the water barrages, canal systems and the irrigation schemes was generated and a GIS irrigation infrastructure database was constructed. About 5,000 km of canals were identifi ed and compared with satellite images. The boundaries and the status of 34 medium to large irrigation schemes were identifi ed. The data is well structured and accessible through desktop GIS software or through the web based Geonetwork software. The results obtained, together with the recommendations, are expected to form the basis for the infrastructure rehabilitation efforts by the donor community.

Water resources in Somalia are limited both in quantity and quality, with frequent droughts and floods further worsening the water security situation in the country. Before the onset of civil war in early 1991, the main institution in charge of water resources management in Somalia was the Ministry of Water and Mineral Resources (MWMR) through the National Water Centre (NWC). Exploitation of domestic water supplies was the responsibility of the Water Development Agency (WDA), while the ministry of Agriculture planned and operated water for agricultural activities in the Shabelle River. For the Juba River, development was the responsibility of the Ministry of National Planning and Juba Valley Development. Institutional arrangements of water resources management showed fragmentation, without a clear divide between the functions of national and local agencies. With the outbreak of civil war in 1991, much of the water infrastructure in Somalia was destroyed and social services such as health,education, water and sanitation were seriously affected.Being located in an extremely water-scarce area, the environmental, social and economic development of Somalia is to a large extent dependent on improved water security through effective management of water resources.

Soomaaliya guud ahaan waxay leeday cimilo u dhexeysa oomane iyo mid bar-oomane ah. Roob-da’u waa sifo qeexeysa cimilada oo waxay leedahay kala duwanaasho weyn oo masaaxadeed iyo mid waqtiyeed. Cimilada Soomaaliya waxa ay ka abuuranta kulanka dabaylaha ka soo dhaca waqooyiga iyo koonfurta aagga dhulsooraha (inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)). Meelo badan oo gudaha Soomaaliya ah waxay tani ka dhalisaa laba xilli roobaad – Guga marka aaggu gobolku xagga waqooyi iyo deyrta marka uu u wareego koonfur. Labada xaaladoodba, roobku wuxuu ka dhashaa dabaysha qoyan ee ka timaadda Badweynta Hindiya, marka dabayshu u dhacayso xagga koonfureed. Dabaylaha waqooyi-bari, ka soo dhacaya Aasiya iyo Caaraabiya, waxay dhaliyaaan roob aan badnayn. Waxaa badanaa la aaminsan yahay in roob di’iddu tahay waxa ugu muhiimsan cimilada oo saamaynaya nolosha gudaha Soomaaliya. Si gaar ah, isbedel xilli ka xilli, iyo isbedello isla xilliga gudihiisa waxay yihiin waxa go’aamiya guulaha hawlaha beeraha.

Developing countriesespecially in Africa, face great challenges in data and information management. While it is known that centralised database management is a good practice in the field of research, not many countries have managed to achieve this, even with the growing rate of knowledge of information and communication technology. Somalia faces even greater challenges than these countries due to the prolonged civil war. One and a half decade of the civil war in the country have resulted in loss and damage of most water and land related information collected in the previous half century. On the other hand, great numbers of agencies are working in Somalia with different objectives and activities, which have led to disintegration of information. Having realised this, land and water data management and exchange have become important components within the SWALIM project. SWALIM is trying to recover lost information from different sources all over the world and at the same time re-establish data collection networks in collaboration with partner agencies. One area of interest is information and data on hydro-meteorology. A lot of resources and efforts have been put into place by SWALIM in an effort to recover these lost data.

Khayraadka biyaha gudaha Soomaaliya waa ay kooban yihiin tiro iyo tayo labadaba, taas oo ay weheliso abaar soo noqnoqda iyo daadad sii xumeeya xaaladda ammaanka biyaha ee gudaha dalka. Ka hor bilowgii dagaalka sokeeye ee horraantii1991, hay'adda ugu muhiimsan ee mas'uul ka ah maaraynta khayraadka biyaha gudaha Soomaaliya waxay ahayd Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha iyo Macdanta iyada oo loo marayo Xarunta Biyaha Qaran. Manaafacaadsiga biyo siinta maxalliga waxaa mas'uuliyad ka saarnayd Hay'adda Horumarinta Biyaha (WDA), halka Wasaaradda Beeraha ay qorshayn jirtey oo ka shaqayn jirtey hawlaha biyaha waraabka beeraha ee wabiga Shabeelle. Marka ay noqoto Webiga Jubba, horumarinta waxaa ka mas'uul ahaa Wasaaradda Qorshaynta Qaranka iyo Horumarinta Dooxada Juba. Qabanqaabooyinka hay'adeed ee maareynta khayraadka biyaha waxay muujiyeen kala qoqobnaan, oo aan lahay xad cad oo u dhexeeya hawlaha hay'adaha qaraniyo kuwa maxalliga ah. Markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 1991-kii, wax badan oo ka mid ah kaabayaasha biyaha waa la burburiyay oo waxaa si xun loo waxyeeleeyey adeegyo bulshadeed oo ka jirey gudaha Soomaaliya sida caafimaadka, waxbarashada, biyaha iyo fayadhowrka. Maadaama Soomaaliya ay ku taal geyi aad u biyo-yar, horumarinta deegaameed, midda bulshadeed iyo dhaqaalaba waxay si baaxad weyn ugu tiirsan tahay ammaan biyo la hagaajiyey oo maareyn khayraad biyood oo wax-ku-ool ah leh.

Developing countries; especially in Africa, face great challenges in data and information management. While it is known that centralised database management is a good practice in the field of research, not many countries have managed to achieve this, even with the growing rate of knowledge of information and communication technology. Somalia faces even greater challenges than these countries due to the prolonged civil war. One and a half decade of the civil war in the country have resulted in loss and damage of most water & land related information collected in the previous half century. This report presents an inventory of the historical hydro-meteorological data that have been accumulated from various sources, and the hydrometeorological data that are currently being collected by SWALIM in collaboration with partner agencies

Soomaaliya waxay dabooshaa geyi ah 637,657 km2 oo dadka ku nool lagu qiyaasay in ay yihiin 7.5 milyan sanadkii 2003. Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya wuxuu badanaa ku dhisan yahay beeraha (beeraha iyo xoolaha, tan dambe ayaa ah halbowlaha ugu weyn). Dhaqaalahu wuxuu si heer sare ah ugu tiirsan yahay helitaan biyood, taas oo iyana markeeda ku xiran roobka. Roobabka Soomaaliya ma aha mid yar oo kaliya, ka hoos 100 mm/sanadkii meelaha qaar, laakiin waxa uu leedahay isbedbedel sare oo xilliile iyo mid masaaxadeed (Lifaaqa 1 ilaa 5). Celceliska roobabka sanadle wuxuu dhexeeyaa 215 mm gudaha gobollada Waqooyi-bari ilaa uu ku dhawaado 550 mm gudaha gobollada Koonfureed iyo Bartamaha (SWALIM, 2007). Isudheelitirka biyaha dalka wuxuu muujinayaa uumibax ka badan roobabka ku daá gudaha dalka oo idil. Waxaa intaas dheer, xaalado kale oo biyo iyo oogo dhul (hydro-physical conditions) oo saamayn xun (tabane) ku leh helitaanka biyo saafi ah waxa ka mid ah xaaluf dhul iyo calwidda oogooyinka biyaha. Xaaladda waxaa sii xumaatay 16 sano oo dagaal sokeeye jirey, gaar ahaan gudaha gobollada koonfureed. Tiro ka mid ah ururada maxaliga iyo kuwa caalamiyeed waxay bilaabeen barnaamijyo dib-u-dhisid, dhawris deegaameed iyo taageerid hab-nololeed rayid. Khubaradadu waxay qiyaasayaan in Soomaaliya ay ka mid tahay 13 dal oo Afrikaan ah oo wajihi doona biyo yaraan sanadka 2025. Dal waxaa la yiraahadaa waa mid biyo yar marka biyaha sannadlaha ee halkii qofkii heli karo ay ka hoosayso 1000 m3. Durba, Soomaaliya waxay leedahay wax ka yar 500 m3/Qofkiiba/sanadkii (UNECA, 2000). Tan waxaa loo tiriyaa roob-di'id goosgoos u qaybsamida xilliile iyo tan masaaxadeed oo xaddiga celceliska sanadle uu u dhexeeya 100 iyo 800 mm, uumibax sare, iyo waxqabadyo aadame oo sii xumeeya nabaad guurka.

Dalalka soo koraya; gaar ahaan Afrika, waxay wajahayaan caqabado waaweyn oo ka haysta maaraynta xogta iyo macluumaadka. Halka sida la og yahay in meeldhexe ka maareynta xogta gundhig ah ay dhaqan wanaagsan tahay markii ay arrin cilmi-baaris tahay, dalal aan badnayn ma maareyn inay ka guulgaaraan arritaan, inkasta oo uu kordhayo xaddiga aqoonta macluumaadka iyo farsamada isgaarsiinta. Soomaaliya waxay weliba wajahaysaa caqabado ka waaweyn kuwa dalalkaan iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay dagaalka sokeeye ee daba dheeraaday. Hal iyo bar tobanaad sano oo dagaalka sokeeye ka jirey gudaha dalka wuxuu u keenay khasaare iyo dhaawac wax badan oo la xiriira macluumaad biyo & dhulka oo nus qarnigii hore la ururiyay. Warbixintani waxay soo bandhigaysaa diiwaangelin xog taariikheed cilmiyeed biyo-hawo-saadaalin (hydro-meteorological) taasoo laga ururiyay ilo kala duwan, iyo xogta hydrometeorological-ka hadda ay uruurinayso SWALIM iyadoo kaashanaysa hay'ado la hawlgala.

Inkastoo beeraha waraabka ay ahaayeen isha-nolosha dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya ka hor bilowga dagaalka sokeeye ee 1990, wax badan oo macluumaadkii hababka waraabka oo dagaal hortii jirey ayaa lumay oo wax yar ayaa la og yahay xaaladdooda hadda ah. Warbixintani waxay muujinaysaa natiijooyinka ka soo baxay qiimayn ay SWALIM fulisay si loo ogaado xaaladda mashaariicda waraabka dhexdhexaad ilaa waaweynka ah oo ka jira gudaha Koonfurta Soomaaliya iyo kaabayaashooda waraabka. Waxaa la fuliyay dib-u- eegis qoraallo dhammeystiran, wareysiyo dad muhiim ah oo lala xiriiray iyo falanqayn ballaaran oo ah xog jeedaalin dareeme fog si loo gaaro natiijooyinka qiimaynta. Waxaa la soo saaray macluumaad gundhig ah oo ku saabsan biyoxireennada, habab kanaal iyo mashaariic waraab dabaded waxaa la dhisay xog-gundhig GIS ah ee kaabayaasha waraabka. Waxaa la ogaaday qiyaas 5000 km oo kanaalo ah markii barbardhig loola sameeyey masawirro dayax-gacmeed. Waxaa la aqoonsaday xuduudaha iyo xaaladda 34 mashaariic waraab oo dhexdhexaad ilaa waaweyn ah. Xogta si fiican ayaa loo habeeyay oo waxaa la heli karaa markii loo isticmaalo desktop GIS software ama software web ku salaysan oo Geonetwork ah. Natiijooyinka soo baxay, oo ay weheliyaan talooyin, ayaa waxaa la filayaa in ay aasaas u noqdaan dadaallada dayactirka kaabayaasha ee bulshada deeqbixiyaha.

The report is a synthesis of SWALIM water assessments and reports, supplemented by detailed statistical analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of the available surface and groundwater resources, and their existing and potential uses. The assessment is based on the integration of hydrometeorological and physiographic data collected and analysed by SWALIM and partner agencies. The assessment describes the existing major water resources in the country, identifies special water resources needs and opportunities, documents ongoing and planned water resources development activities; it suggests practicable approaches to short and long-term water resources development at mezzo-and macro scale. The report is intended to support integrated water resources management in Somalia, based on coordinated development and management of water and land related resources.