Gudaha daraasadan, ayaa waxaa la sameeyey qiimayn heer-qarameed ee xaaluf dhul iyadoo la isticmaalayo masawirro jeedaalin dareeme fog oo waqti taxane laga soo bilaabay 1982 ilaa 2008 iyo ra'yi khabiiro oo ku saabsan taariikhda nabaadguurka gudaha Soomaaliya marka dib loo raaco tan iyo intii ay khubaradu xusuusan karto. Ujeedada cilmibaaristu waxay ahayd in la ogaado sababo nabaadguur xoogiya, noocyo, iyo saamayno uu ku leeyahay dhulka heer qaran iyo in la cayimo goobo maxalli ah oo lagu sameeyo qiimayn dhamaystiran. Waxsoosaarrada ka soo baxay daraasadan waxaa loo arkay in ay taageeraan go'aamada siyaasadeed ee lagula dagaallamayo xaalufka dhulka heer qaran iyo in tilmaamaha guud la bixiyo qeybaha dalka ee la kulmaya nabaadguur daran si markaas loo oogi karo qorsheyn haboon ee khayraadka qaran. Qiimeynta waxaa loo kala dhigdhigay heerheer si waafaqsan hababka unugyada isticmaalka dhulka ee gudaha dalka. Waxaa weheliya qiimeynta, in daraasaddu ay sidoo kale taabagelisay macluumad saldhig wanaagsan si mustaqbalka loola socodo xaaluka dhulka gudaha Soomaaliya.

In this study, national-level assessment of land degradation was done using time series remote sensing images from 1982 till 2008 and expert opinion about the history of the degradation in Somalia dating back as far as the experts could remember. The objective of the study was to identify potential causes, types, and impacts of land degradation at the national level and to identify local spots for comprehensive assessment. The outputs from this study was envisaged to support policy decisions for combating land degradation at the national level and to give the general guidelines of the sections of the country experiencing severe degradation so that appropriate planning of the national resources could be instituted. The assessment was stratified according to land use systems units in the country. In addition to the assessment, the study also established good baseline information for future monitoring of land degradation in Somalia.

Soil erosion is a complex dynamic process by which the productive soil surface is detached, transported, and accumulated at a distant place. It produces exposed subsurface where the soil has been detached and the detached deposited in low-lying areas of the landscape or in water bodies downstream in a process known as sedimentation. The present study by FAO-SWALIM was initiated with the general objective of preparing an assessment of soil erosion and sedimentation of the riverine areas between rivers Juba and Shabelle and to provide input into soil erosion and sedimentation monitoring framework which will contribute to improved management of the irrigation systems in south Somalia. The study identified areas prone to high soil erosion rates and sediment flux into river Juba and Shabelle in south Somalia.

This report outlines how very high resolution satellite imagery was used to estimate the rate of tree-cutting in Puntland. The study used visual interpretation of Ikonos and Quickbird images for 2001 and 2006 respectively to generate tree density maps for the two years. Through collaboration between SWALIM and the EC Joint Research Centre at Ispra, Italy, an automatic procedure for identifying and classifying trees was also tested. Both techniques produced similar results, which showed an overall decrease in tree density between 2001 and 2006. The results also showed some areas where the tree densities have increased due to environmental conservation through community interventions. The method used can be up-scaled to other parts of Somalia to support afforestation campaigns and environmental conservation.

Warbixintaan waxay qeexeysaa sida masawirro dayax-gacmeed aad iyo aad u bayaansan loogu isticmaalay in la qiyaaso xaddiga geed-jarista gudaha Puntland. Daraasaddu waxay isticmaashay muuqaal tarjumid lagu sameeyey sawirro ah Ikonos iyo Quickbird oo midba yahay sanadkii 2001 iyo 2006 si loo soosaaro khariidado cumur geed ee labada sano. Wadashaqayn ka dhaxaysa SWALIM iyo Xarunta Cilmibaaris Wadajirka EC oo ku taal Ispra, Talyaaniga (EC Joint Research Centre at Ispra, Italy) ayaa sidoo kale lagu jitaabiyey habraac automaatik ah si loo aqoonsado oo loo abla-ableeyo geedaha. Labada farsamaba waxay soosaareen natiijooyin isu eg, kuwaas oo muujiyey guud ahaan hoosudhac ku yimid cumur geedaha intii u dhexeysay sanadkii 2001 iyo 2006. Natiijoojinku waxay sidoo kale muujiyeen meelo qaarkood oo ay cumurradu kordheen taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhawris deegaaneed ku timid hawlgallo bulsho. Xeeladda la isticmaalay waxaa lagu sii baahin karaa qaybaha kale ee Soomaaliya si loo caawiyo ololeyaal dhir beeris iyo dhawris deegaaneed.

During the last 120 years, Somalia and Somaliland have experienced great political and socio-economic changes. The change in land use policies and land use planning activities over those periods is considerable, with new governments often reversing measures taken by previous regimes. More or less continuous developments over all periods include growing population, expansion of agriculture (cropping), increased number of water points, sedentarization, tree cutting and expansion of rangeland enclosures.The purpose of the Land Use Planning Guidelines for Somaliland is to explain the principles and procedures of land use planning in general, and how it can be applied in Somaliland at various levels in particular.

Inta lagu jirey 120 sano oo dambe, Soomaaliya iyo Somaliland waxaa soo maray isbedello waaweyn oo siyaasadeed iyo kuwo dhaqan-dhaqaale. Isbedelka siyaasadaha isticmaalka dhulka iyo hawlaha qorshaynta isticmaalka dhulka ee muddoyinkaas waa badnaayeen, iyadoo dawladahii cusub ay badanaa baddalayeen tallaabooyinkii ay qaadeen xukuumadhii hore. Ha badnaato ama ha yaraato horumar joogtada ah ee dhamman muddoyinka oo idil waxaa ka mid ah dadweyne kordhaya, waxbeerasho ballaaraneysa (dhul beerid), tirada goobaha biyaha oo kordhey, reer magaaloobid, geedo jaris iyo ballaarasho xirmooyin xoolo-daaqeen. Ulajeedada Tilmaameyaasha Qorshaynta Isticmaalka Dhulka ee Somaliland waa in si guud loo fasiro mabaadii'ida iyo habraacyada qorshaynta isticmaalka dhulka, iyo sida loogu dabaqi karo gudaha gaar ahaan Somaliland si heerar kala duwan ah.

Tirsiga macluumaad ilo biyo oo lagu ururiyey SWIMS oo ka yimid la-hawlgalayaal ka fulinaya mashaariic biyood gudaha geyiga duurka mar SWALIM II ay koobnayd. Waxaa kaliya oo la helay xogta 750 ilo biyood muddo sannad ka badan, oo marar badan xogtu waxay dabooshay qayb yar oo kaliya ah oo ka tirsan macluumaadka lagama maarmaanka ah. Sidaas darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan noqoday in SWALIM u dhaqaaqo xagga geyiga duurka, oo ay diiwaangelin ku samayso dhammaan goobaha ilaha biyaha gudaha Soomaaliya. Waxaa sahan lagu bilaabay dalka oo idil, iyadoo lala kaashanayo UNICEF, meelaha biyaha aasaasi ah leh: ceelal-riig, ilo, biyo-xireenno iyo ceelal-gacmeedyo kuwaas oo biyo la cabo leh muddo dheer oo xilli qalalan ah. Waxaa gudaha Soomaaliya ka jira goobo badan oo ilo khayraad biyood ah, kuwaas oo si loo sahmiyo ay qaadan karto bilo badan. Ha ahaatee, ilahaan badankood waa kuwo xilliile ah, oo roobabka ka dib waara dhowr toddobaad oo keliya. Waxaa ka mid ah berkado iyo qaar ceelal-gacmeed ah, oo waxaa la isticmaalaa inta xilli-roobaadka ah oo kaliya. Marka ay martaan bulshooyinka degaanku waxay raadiyaan ilo biyood kale oo u badala. Dhaqaalaha kooban ee loo heli karo sahanka awgeed lama dabooli karo dhammaan ilaha biyaha gudaha dalka ka jira. Waxaa la sahmiyey oo keliya ilaha biyaha istaraatiijiga ah, maadaama ay yihiin isha biyood ee bulshooyinka maxalliga ah marka ilaha xilliile ay martaan (qalalaan). Sahanku wuxuu ka bilawday gudaha qaybta waqooyi ee dalka: Somaliland iyo Puntland, iyadoo qorsheyal la gaarsiinayo Koonfurta/Bartamaha Soomaaliya marka xaalad ammaan ay saamaxdo.

The number of water sources information collected in SWIMS through partners implementing water projects in the field during SWALIM II was limited. Only 750 water sources data was received for a period of more than a year, and in many cases the data covered only a small section of the essential information. As a result it become necessary for SWALIM to move to the field and do an inventory of all water sources points in Somalia. A country wide survey was launched, in collaboration with UNICEF, for the strategic water points: boreholes, springs, dams and shallow wells which last long into the dry season. There are many point water sources in Somalia, which would take many months to survey. Majority of these sources are however seasonal, lasting only a few weeks after the rains. They include berkads and some shallow wells, and are used only during the rainy season. When they dry out the local communities look for alternative sources of water. The limited resources available for the survey could not cover all the water sources in the country. Only the strategic water points were surveyed, as they are the source of water for the local communities when the seasonal sources dry out. The survey started in the Northern part of the country: Somaliland and Puntland, with plans of extending to the South/Central Somalia when security situation allows.

strategic urban planning